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PART TWO
THEIR PALEO-FASCIST HERITAGE
What’s Past is Prologue-Study the Past
(Carved on the National Archives Building, Wash. DC)
We are in a desperate war to gain the hearts, minds, and souls of the American people. Only by carefully studying prior and current Fascist Doctrines, and investigating the conduct of the 21st Century Neo-Fascist-Conservative governing record; can we hope to understand the actual intentions of these determined enemies of Liberty. It is also necessary to review the uniquely American historical precursors to the NFC movement, to discover its origins and the methods for fighting and defeating this fungus on the world body politic.
The recorded history of humanity is one of the common man’s struggle to survive under a succession of despotic individuals and Aristocratic ruling classes. These have included military, economic, and religious tyrants called; Emperors, Kings, Patricians, Senators, Pharaohs, Satraps, Autocrators, Dictators, Popes, Premiers, CEOs, and Presidents.
Despotism is an Ancient Feature of All Authoritarian Societies:
“This prompts me to go into some detail about the origins of law, and the ways in which it developed into our endless and complicated statute-list. …But when men ceased to be equal, egotism replaced fellow-feeling, and decency succumbed to violence. The result was despotism—in many countries permanently. …We ourselves, when Romulus’ autocratic regime ended, were subjected by Numa to a religious code, to which Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius introduced adjustments. But our outstanding maker of laws—binding even on Kings—was Servius Tullius. After Tarquin’s expulsion, the community took many measures against the ruling class in the interests of freedom and unity. A new Council of Ten, by incorporating the finest elements from all sources, drew up the Twelve Tables. That was the last equitable legislation..
Hence arose demagogues…”
Cornelius Tacitus, Roman Historian, The Annals of Imperial Rome,
AD 55-117
The Historical Class Struggle:
"The only thing new in the world is the history you don't know." Harry S. Truman
What is Marxism?
(Excerpts primarily from the Encyclopaedia Britannica)
“Freeman and Slave, Patrician and Plebian, Lord and Serf, Guild-Master and Journeyman, in a word; Oppressor and Oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open, fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in common ruin of the contending classes.”
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
Marxism is a body of social doctrine conceptualized by Karl Marx and his friend Friedrich Engels, and systematized later by some of his followers. It
is a philosophy of history implemented by an elaborate economic theory. Marx had been concerned almost exclusively with a highly competitive kind of laissez faire or Free Market capitalist system, in which the entrepreneurs were in the main opposed to all state intervention. The decades after Marx’s death (1883) produced a kind of capitalism that was permeated with monopoly and in which the majority of businessmen desired state intervention only for the protection of their monopolies, their property rights, protective tariffs and for the opening of foreign markets and promotion of foreign investments. (and the exploitation of workers, such as we have again experienced in the U.S. under the NFC Republicans)
Marxist philosophy purports to demonstrate the inevitability of Socialism, and eventually of full Communism; the latter to be understood as a “classless collectivist order” in which the social product is distributed according to needs and in which the state, law, money, and the concept of economic value have lost their functions and therefore have withered away.
(A Utopian World that could never exist)
Marx tended to believe that all important historical progress is achieved through an all out conflict between an old and new principles of social organization, and that consequently progress would be impeded if the tension between these two principles were prematurely reduced by limited reforms of the old system (such as American Liberal-Democracy). Since true reform, which does not destroy the present system, but gradually reforms it, is ruled out, revolution becomes necessary.
Marx stressed the obvious truth that social groups have conflicts of interest that are often reflected in antagonistic political creeds (Conservatism v. Liberal Democracy) Marx saw each principal or social organization represented by a social class; feudalism by the nobility, capitalism by the entrepreneurs, socialism by the workers. Consequently the class struggle is governed by the laws of dialectics; (a form of philosophical argument involving opposites such as thesis and antithesis; elaborated by the Marx concept of Dialectic Materialism) and it is necessarily an all out conflict—it cannot be limited by the rules of Democracy, which substitutes “ballots for bullets” and which requires respect for the inalienable rights of the opponent.
The victory of the new class must be followed by repression of the former ruling class until the last vestiges of the old order are extinguished. In the struggle of the workers against the capitalists, this repression will result in “the dictatorship of the proletariat” (or people’s Oligarchy) as the political form of society in the period of transition from capitalism to full communism.
(which of course never came)
In actual practice, in the biggest Marxist experiment of all time; the Leninist/Stalinist Soviet State; There was no transition to Utopian Communism, and what was called Communism, was in reality an Arch-Conservative Repressive Militarist Expansionist Internationalist Dictatorship. It was an empire run by tyrants, in which workers reverted back to the poverty, brutality, and oppression of feudalism.
“I became a Marxist thanks, so to speak…on account of the rigorous intolerance and Jesuitical discipline so cruelly crushing me in the Orthodox seminary, where I passed some years”
Josef Stalin, Christian Seminarian turned Revolutionary leader, 1926
The theory that; society can be divided into two classes, the oppressed and the oppressors, and that these two classes constantly have been struggling against each other, is based on factual observations over many centuries. In 1848, it became a key feature of the Communist Manifesto, written by Marx. The fact that it was true, was not diminished by the co-option of this theory by the Conservative Bolshevik Dictators who ran the Soviet Union.
Fascism is Fiercely Anti-Communist:
“…Our movement has recognized that the future of Germany means the destruction of Marxism. Either this racial poison, the mass tuberculosis, grows in our people, and Germany dies of an infected lung, or it is eliminated. We can never make a pact with this world-view; for us Germany will be saved on the day on which the last Marxist has either been converted or has been broken.
Adolf Hitler, February 26, 1924
In fact, Marx borrowed the theory of class struggle, which had been expressed as early as 1780, by Gaetano Filangieri, a Neapolitan nobleman and social scientist. The theory was also expressed in the writings of Helvetius, Marat, Babeuf, and after 1802, in the writings of Saint-Simon and his school. The idea had also been developed by Auguste Mignet (1824), Augustin Thierry (1825), Francois Guizot (1820s), Victor Considerant (1843), Benjamin Disraeli (1845), and Alexis de Toqueville (1847/48)
The undeniable misery of the working class, and the term “class struggle” far from having been discovered by Marx and Engels, had in fact been the foremost topic of contemporary politics and ideology. In fact, Prince Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is reported to have discussed the burning problem of “pauperism” caused by the inexorable impoverishment of workers in a “Laissez Faire” Capitalist economic system.
The “Gilded Age” of the 1920s saw the rise of corporate power in the U.S. with the concentration of massive economic and political power in the hands of a relatively small number of people, and expansion of the U.S. economic and military empire throughout Central and South America and into the South Pacific. The flaws inherent in an unregulated market brought the Free Market Laissez Faire party to a disastrous end in 1929. Corporate behavior unchecked by the interests of the general public and a de facto one party government led to that age’s end with the onset of the Great Depression. Market reforms, started prior to the collapse by Teddy Roosevelt and completed by his cousin, Franklin, have been a source of seething anger among the wealthy and powerful ever since.
The Class Struggle Returns
Until the emergence of the NFC Republican movement, an unwritten social agreement had existed between the slightly right-of-center traditional-Conservatives and the slightly left-of-center traditional-liberals on the reforms that made the American Liberal-Democratic Republic work for people of all classes. They had effectively dealt with the defects or weaknesses of free market capitalism, to prevent the development of a nation of two classes; with the rich getting ever richer, while the poor got ever poorer. This unwritten social democracy compact created the greatest middle-class, and the most stable and enduring Democracy in world history.
This issue was solved by the gradual development of a uniquely American system of Social Justice and Economic Regulation and Reform, which included; Free Public Education, Progressive Income Taxes, Corporate Regulation, Control of Monopolies, Conservation of Natural Resources and Land, Limitations on Inheritance rights, Rights of Workers to Organize and Strike, A Minimum Living Wage, Public Health Programs, Welfare to assist Impoverished Families, and a host of other social justice measures which were Christian in the purest sense; and which preserved Free Will, Personal Freedom, Entrepreneurship, and Property rights of the people; while providing for the necessary and legitimate functions of government.
Under this system, America’ corporations flourished as well as the standard of living of the people; and the U.S. produced the largest and most productive and profitable economy in the world.
“Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.”
President Abraham Lincoln, December 3, 1861
This unique American compromise solution provided many of the necessary reforms that were needed to avoid the types of societal revolutions that have continued to occur in other countries. The CNF Republicans and their Corporate masters, who are the new Aristocratic rulers of American Society; are now in the process of reneging on the American Democratic System of Social Justice and Economic Reform, by dismantling the entire system, so carefully constructed during the past 200+ years, and especially during the “New Deal” by what have been called the “Aristocratic Turncoats”
The Aristocratic Turncoats
In some cases, a member of the ruling class, for whatever motive, has thrown his support to the people, at the expense of the ruling elites. Examples include Progressive populist (people’s party) leaders such as Julius Caesar, Thomas Jefferson, and Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Julius Caesar, a descendant of a noble Patrician Roman family, and a highly sucessful military commander, decided not to ally himself with the Aristocratic Patricians and their political party called the “Optimates” in the Roman Senate, but instead, for his first political office, became a “Tribune” an elected “Populares”(Popular Party) representative of the “plebes” or the common people. History records that the aristocratic Senators assassinated Caesar in 44 BC, because he was acquiring too much power, and had become a threat to the Republic, but this was the history written by the ruling class.
It is more likely that Julius Caesar was murdered by the Aristocratic Senators because they considered him a traitor to the Conservative Patrician ruling class; as he was beginning to distribute Roman provincial land to his lower class plebian soldiers, and appointing Knights of the Equestrian Order (middle class) to Senatorial rank.
When his nephew, Caesar Augustus, acquired even greater powers as the first Imperator, he allowed the Aristocratic Senate Oligarchy to continue to function as a sort of limited legislative branch to his Imperial government, over which he had ultimate control. His descendants followed the same charade, and were all absolute despotic dictators of what they claimed to be a Republic; but which had become an ultimately unstable Autocratic Empire.
“I swear upon the altar of God, eternal hostilities against all forms of tyranny over the mind of man.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, who was a wealthy landowner and slave holder, was an Aristocrat, but he established himself early on as a champion of the common man. For example he and John Adams demanded that the Bill of Rights be included in the Constitution, whereas Alexander Hamilton, who built the Federalist Party, was opposed to including the Bill of Rights. The Federalists were eventually forced to agree to amending the Constitution, to include the Bill of Rights, as a price of obtaining support for ratification.
Secretary of State Jefferson and others, who served in the first term of George Washington, despised the Aristocratic Paleo-conservative Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, and his fiscal and foreign policies.
Out of respect for President Washington, they stayed on until 1793. Jefferson then led the first opposition party, called the “Anti-Federalist Party”. This later became identified as the “Republican Party”, then the “Democratic-Republicans”, and finally the “Democratic Party”
President Roosevelt, who was a descendent of an American Aristocratic family, was despised by the conservative ruling class, for his genuine populist New Deal policies which gave rights to minorities, and which redistributed some of the Nation’s commonwealth to the common man, who was in urgent need during the Great Depression.
“The spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He has anointed Me
To preach the gospel to the poor; He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted,
To proclaim Liberty to the captives And recovery of sight to the blind, To set at Liberty those who are oppressed”
Jesus Christ, The King James Bible, Luke, 4:18
Roosevelt’s American Liberal Democratic New Deal economic policies and social justice programs, were aimed at reducing social misery by helping the American people to recover from the Great Depression; and to prevent such dislocations of Free Market Capitalism from ever threatening the nation again. He did this without causing political instability or surrendering to the extreme measures advocated by of the Communist or the Fascist movements. This earned him the hatred of the Corporate Robber Barons and the moneyed Aristocrats of his day.
The First Fascist Plot to Destroy Liberal-Democracy in the USA
“Democracy in the West is the forerunner of Marxism and is the feeding ground of that world pestilence.”
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
Time magazine was created in 1923, as a propaganda vehicle for the powerful Financial and Industrial interests, grouped around the banking empire of J.P. Morgan. Morgan provided start up cash for Henry Luce, a Yale University graduate, and member of the Skull and Bones Society. (has routinely included the sons of the American Economic and Political Aristocratic ruling class, such as the Bushes). Time and Fortune magazine became the core of what would grow into a Corporate Propaganda Empire that earned Luce great power to influence mass public opinion.
In the 1920s, Luce became America’s Elmer Gantry for Fascism. He was an ardent advocate of Fascist Nationalism, and toured the country selling Mussolini’s concepts to America’s business elite and upper class. The American public was introduced to Benito Mussolini and Fascism in one of Time’s first issues, when on August 6, 1923, Luce decided to celebrate Il Duce’s 40th birthday by placing his portrait on the cover of Time. This was the first of five Time cover appearances for the Dictator of Italy.
Luce promoted the idea that America’s corporate and banking leaders were America’s Aristocracy, and more qualified to run the U.S. government than any politician, he is quoted saying that:
“It is not a seat in Congress, but on the directorate of our great corporations, which our countrymen regard as the greater post of honor and responsibility.”
Henry Luce, Skull and Bones Society Member
In 1928, Luce declared the U.S. Constitution obsolete and called for;
“…a new form of government”
On April 19, 1934 in a speech to the Chamber of Commerce, in Scranton, Pa. Luce said:
“The moral force of Fascism, appearing in totally different forms in different nations, may be the inspiration for the next general march of mankind”
Henry Luce, Publisher
At that time the ideology of Fascism had a large following in the U.S. Mussolini and Hitler were admired by the right wing Nationalist and Fiscal and Social Conservatives, who were against all of the programs of the New Deal, especially Social Security.
Luce had a deep hatred of FDR and the New Deal, which he constantly attacked as Socialism, on his speaking tours across the country; but it was later learned that he did more than just make speeches against FDR and Liberal Democracy.
In 1934, it was revealed, in hearings before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) that Conservative Wall Street Bankers, and Industrial leaders, undoubtedly instigated by J.P. Morgan interests; had actually plotted to overthrow President Roosevelt, and establish an American Fascist dictatorship, similar to those emerging in Europe.
Their Ideological descendants are still trying to dismantle every genuine Liberal and Humanitarian program of the New Deal, and replace them with the Raw Deal; benefiting only the Super-rich and powerful!
Luce had played a major role in the conspiracy, and had prepared the entire July 1934 issue of Fortune as a detailed political, economic, and cultural endorsement of Fascism. The issue was timed to appear as the conspiracy went into its final motions. It was undoubtedly planned to persuade the American people to accept and support the Coup-d-etat, and the transition to American Fascism.
This Corporatist-Conservative traitorous conspiracy was unprecedented in American political history, but no prosecutions resulted!
The plotters made a major blunder, when they tried to recruit Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler to join the conspirators, and assume a role comparable to a Prime Minister in the new government. Butler refused and reported the plot. He then testified concerning the plot before the HUAC in 1934.
General Butler was a famous marine who had risen through the ranks from enlisted private to Major General. He was the most respected soldier in America, having been awarded the Medal of Honor on two occasions for bravery in action. General Butler was a vocal critic of colonialism and U.S. Foreign policy toward poor third world nations, and this caused him to be passed over for the post of Marine Corps Commandant.
Butler had retired with over 33 years of service, and was a National hero. He made more than 300 speeches a year to Veteran’s groups, and wrote a book called “War is a Racket” in which he bitterly criticized his own involvement over his entire career. In angry eloquence, Butler often referred to himself as a “Racketeer and Gangster for Capitalism” He bitterly opposed WWI and the War profiteers;
“War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives. A Racket is best described, I believe as something that is not what it seems to the majority of people. Only a small inside group knows what it is. The bill renders a horrible accounting; newly placed gravestones, mangled bodies, shattered minds, broken hearts and homes, economic instability. depression, and all its attendant miseries, back-breaking taxation for generations and generations.
What does it matter to the men who are killed? What does it profit those who are maimed? What does it profit their mothers and sister, their wives and their sweethearts? What does it profit their children? What does it profit the nation?
Take our own case. Until 1898 we didn’t own a bit of territory outside of the mainland of North America. At the time our national debt was a little more than $1,000,000,000. Then we became "internationally minded." We forgot, or shunted aside, the advice of the father of our Country. We forgot Washington’s warning about "entangling alliances." We went to war. We acquired outside territory.”
War Is A Racket, by M/Gen Smedley D. Butler, Chap. 1
In 1934, the first American Fascist’s plans were foiled by this traditional- conservative patriotic military officer, but one who firmly believed in American Liberal Democracy and the Constitution.
The Plot was swept under the carpet by the Paleo-Fascist Conservative Republicans in Congress!
American Fascists were forced to lay low for decades after the WWII debacle of the European Fascists; but their political descendents have been at work undermining American Liberal-Democracy, almost from the defeat of the Fascist Axis Powers at the end of the war in 1945.
So vehement was the sentiment of the Conservatives and Fascists of Roosevelt’s time, that he might have been assassinated, had it not been for his popularity with the people, the crisis of World War II, and his sucessful pursuit of Allied Victory over the European Fascists; whose aggressive wars and barbaric conduct shocked the world.
Never changing his domination stripes, Luce wrote in a famous Life magazine editorial published in 1941, prophetically called the “New American Century”, where he predicted;
“We must accept whole-heartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most powerful and vital nation in the world, and in consequence to exert upon the world, the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit.”
Henry Luce, Publisher
Later Luce argued in the pages of Life, for Preventive Nuclear War against the Soviet Union. Luce’s un-democratic and un-Christian Fascist ideas have eerily reappeared in the Neo-Conservative “Program For A New American Century” (PNAC), the Grand Strategy of the NFC Republicans of the 21st Century.
The threat of Godless Communist Socialism gave Nationalist-Conservatives and the National Security apparatus, an opportunity to enlist the help of thousands of former Nazi officers, Scientists, and Intelligence agents, for the Cold War. Many European Fascist war criminals were not prosecuted. They were pardoned, protected and employed by the Nationalist-Conservatives of the European and American right wing, with the willing help of the U.S. CIA, FBI, and Military Intelligence.
The Sucessful Neo-Fascist Plot to Assassinate an American Liberal-Democratic President
A few decades later, the wealthy Aristocratic turncoat, John F. Kennedy, was not so fortunate. The assassination of Kennedy in 1963, has been a source of continuous controversy, caused by an obvious cover-up by the Warren Commission, which was packed with such Nationalist-Conservatives, as Chief Justice Earl Warren, Director of the CIA, Allen Dulles, John J. McCloy, supported by the closest thing America has had to a Heinrich Himmler or Lavrentia Beria; J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI.
The fundamental facts however, are very clear, Kennedy was killed in Dallas, Texas; a hotbed of Ultra-Nationalist-Conservative organizations, such as, the John Birch Society, and other white Arch-Conservative right wing movements, that were enraged at Kennedy’s withdrawal of American military support to the ill-fated CIA invasion of Cuba; and for his efforts to continue the liberalization of Federal and State laws, to end segregation in the South, and give blacks the civil rights and economic opportunities enjoyed by white Americans. The actual killing was most probably conducted by Cuban-American drug cartel gangsters allied with the American Mafia, which later used long time gangster associate Jack Ruby to silence Oswald.
Lee Harvey Oswald had been one of a small group of Army and Marine volunteers that had become CIA operatives; been trained in the Russian language, became false turncoats, and defected to Russia to try to obtain Human Intelligence (HUMINT) on the Russian military buildup. Oswald almost certainly became the scapegoat of a CIA connected right wing Neo-Fascist plot to kill Kennedy, and turn the nation to the right.
Kennedy had acquired a host of enemies both within and outside the government as a result of many issues, but none was more volatile than the civil rights issues. In September 1962 the worst federal and state crisis since the Civil War was brewing in the state of Mississippi, which entered a state of virtual armed rebellion against the federal government over repeated attempts by Air Force veteran James H. Meredith to register as the first African-American student at the University of Mississippi, backed by a federal court order.
On the night of September 30, 1962 300 U.S. Marshals faced off against an army of over 2,000 rioters across a battlefield, illuminated by firebombs and tear-gas explosions. The rioters attacked with shotguns, Molotov cocktails, and a hijacked bulldozer and fire engine; and repeatedly charged the marshals from behind Confederate flags, drawing them into hand-to-hand combat. Blood began to flow as the crisis slipped out of control.
Just after nine P.M. a tall figure in a white cowboy hat appeared on the edge of the battlefield. It was recently retired Major General, Edwin A. Walker, U.S. Army Retired. Walker had led Eisenhower’s troops in the 1957 Little Rock integration crisis, but had quit the Army under fire after giving right wing-propaganda to his troops. Now he had become a segregationist firebrand, who proclaimed that the federal court order on Meredith was part of:
“…the conspiracy of the crucifixion by Anti-Christ conspirators on the Supreme Court.”
Rioters gathered around the wild-eyed Walker and he climbed on a Civil war battle monument shouting:
“Don’t let up…you must be prepared for possible death…Protest!..Protest!.. Stand by your governor…
Eyewitnesses reported this was the turning point that pushed the riot out of control and triggered organized charges by hundreds of rioters in large groups. After a long night of rioting, two lay dead and hundreds wounded. The next morning 20,000 U.S. troops arrived and eventually restored order after fighting for hours with bands of armed roughnecks. Edwin Walker and a host of other anti-segregationist Southerners and White Supremacists were entirely capable and agitated enough about integration to have ordered the assassination; but it is more likely that the killing was connected somehow to the aborted Bay of Pigs invasion by disgruntled CIA operatives and the former Cuban exiles.
Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Robert Kennedy, and a host of other Liberal civil rights advocates have paid with their lives, to end the evils of slavery and segregation that have divided the country, since it’s founding.
The scourge of Nationalist-Conservative political factions has been with us, since the beginning of the nation. Here in the new world, the citizens of the British Colonies became divided politically between the Liberal Whigs and the Conservative Tories. The Whigs supported the colonists and the Independence movement. The Tories were against the War of Independence from England, and generally supported the English Monarchy.
They were a few of the Paleo-Fascist Conservatives, or the first American ideological ancestors of the CNF Republicans.
A Black Record of U.S. Paleo-Fascist Conservative Tyranny
There is not enough room in this book to recount the many injustices and sheer genocide which the Paleo-Conservative white Anglo-American settlers wrought on the Native-American population, as they moved ever westward. Suffice to say that the blessings of Liberty as envisioned by these Christian conquerors, did not include the American Indians.
The Slaughter of the Innocents:
“When it was day the soldiers returned to the Fort, having massacred or murdered eighty Indians, and considering that they had done a deed of Roman Valour, in murdering so many in their sleep; where infants were torn from their mother’s breasts, and hacked to pieces in the presence of the parents, and the pieces thrown into the fire and in the water, and other sucklings were bound to small boards , and then cut, stuck, and pierced, and miserably massacred in a manner to move a heart of stone.”
David Pietrersz De Vries, describing the Pavonia massacre by New York Dutch Colonial troops, February 25-26, 1643
During the framing of the U.S. Constitution, there was a major split between the Representatives of the Northern and Southern Colonies over the issue of slavery. To get a Constitution passed, the more Liberal and moderate Christian representatives of the Northern Colonies that opposed slavery; were forced to accept a compromise with the Paleo-Fascist Conservative representatives of the Southern Colonies, over the non-Christian practice of slavery. This moral, ideological, and economic issue, was to result in the American Civil War less than a Century later. This unnecessary and tragic war resulted in the deaths of 359,528 Union soldiers, and 258,000 of their fellow Americans, on the Confederate side.
Liberty for All:
"What to the American slave, is your 4th of July? To him, your celebration is a sham; your national greatness is swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciation of tyrannts, brass-fronted impudence; a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour."
Frederick Douglas, July 4, 1852
After the Civil War, the southerners chafed under the inevitable reconstruction abuses of the occupying Federal Army and the Republican Party carpetbaggers. This resulted in the U.S. Southern states becoming solid Democratic Party bloc voters. This lasted until the mid 1960s; when the passage of a slate of Democratic Party sponsored Civil Rights legislation, especially the Voting Rights Act, granted American blacks, full citizenship, denied them since the ratification of the Constitution.
Here again, the unprincipled NFC Republicans were on the wrong side of morality and Christianity, as Richard Nixon invented the divisive, but sucessful Southern Strategy which shamefully encouraged, and then exploited, southern white’s fear, anger and bigotry, for political gain. Eventually, most of the Southern Conservative-Democratic politicians abandoned their party and became Republicans.
“As I say on the cover of my book, it's that they've taken over the party of Lincoln. You could just look at the electoral map and you know that. It's the old Confederacy. And they've expanded it to the new booming Southwest. That and the Mountain West is their core base. There are people that essentially are the old David Duke crowd -- the Northern European, white, Protestant, small town, middle and lower-middle classes -- and their time has come. They're tired of all these foreigners that came in after '48 or after the Civil War, and all those two million Jews and all those Southern European Catholics -- those dusty people -- all those. They feel it's time to take back America. In essence, this is the revenge of the South for losing the Civil War”
George E. Lowe: Author, Can "It" Happen Here? Hasn't "It" Already?
A Fascist Christian America; in an interview with Buzzflash.
By the early 21st Century, with a few exceptions, such as the cities of Atlanta and New Orleans, the American South from Virginia to Florida and from Texas to Georgia had become an NFC Republican bastion, from which they launched their nationwide drive for absolute power.
By 2005, the state assemblies of the old Confederate States, are virtually all controlled by NFC Republicans, except for a number of impotent minority representatives, and so-called “Blue Dog Democrats” (Conservatives).
Aristocratic turncoats and Liberal-Democracy advocates, such as FDR, have been responsible for all programs, throughout history, that have benefited the people, the commonwealth, and the moral and cultural spirit of every nation. Here in the U.S. they spearheaded the liberating movements to; end child labor, authorize labor unions, allow women and Blacks the vote, allow immigration, and hundreds of similar measures that have benefited the common man and woman, and the commonwealth of the nation.
These programs were sometimes unfortunately couched in symbolic terms of a War, such as the War on Poverty, but their priorities have always been for the people first. The Conservatives, whether Republicans or Democrats, have always opposed these reforms and sided with the Super-wealthy, the privileged, the powerful, and the well connected, and always against the people’s interests.
“For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places”
The King James Bible, Paul the Evangelist, Ephesians 6:12
The programs of the NFC Republicans; reflect their idolization of warfare, conquest, and domination; so valued by their ideological mentors in 1930s Europe. The NFC Republicans always employ the symbol of War, for all of their radical reactionary programs, but in their case, they have in fact, pursued one violent real War after another, on the common interests of the American people, and on any nation that they claim is against the Corporate Vital Interests of the U.S.
Perpetual War:
“All animals are forever warring; each kind is born to devour another. God gave reason to man; using it, he should scorn to debase himself by aping animals, especially since he has neither, natural equipment for killing nor instinct for sucking blood. The most wonderful part of the infernal business is that each leader of murderers causes his colors to be blessed and before setting out on carnage, piously invokes God.”
Francois Voltaire
The NFC Republicans Proudly Claim the Title of America’s War Party!
ENDLESS WARS OF EMPIRE AND DOMINATION
In their book “War and Anti-War” Alvin and Heidi Toffler wrote that; “between 150 and 160 wars and conflicts have raged around the world since ‘Peace’ broke out in 1945” Their research revealed that as of 1993, when they published their book 7,200,000 soldiers were slaughtered in these wars, not counting those wounded, tortured, or mutilated.
When civilian deaths are included, the total reaches the astronomical 33-40 million! The total by 2005 could easily be twice that number!
War is Hell:
“I am tired and sick of war. Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, for vengeance, for desolation. ---War is hell.”
Gen. William T. Sherman, Class of 1840, United States Military Academy
Most of these wars are as a result of the efforts of one nation or group attempting to exert Domination over the territory, natural resources, political, economic, or religious life of another. Such wars are usually caused by aggressive and authoritarian political leaders that believe in Power, Coercion, Force, Violence, and Aggression to achieve their goals.
“What a cruel thing is war: to separate and destroy families and friends, and mar the purest joys and happiness God has granted us in this world; to fill our hearts with hatred instead of love for our neighbors, and to devastate the fair face of this beautiful world.”
Gen. Robert E. Lee, Class of 1829, United States Military Academy
U.S. History shows that whenever the Authoritarian-Conservatives have been in power, they resolve their differences with native and foreign opponents by waging war, invading their territory, occupying their country, exploiting their natural resources, and enforcing American economic and political systems on them.
“Today we hope to gain…by the victorious sword of a master people, putting the world into the service of a higher culture, not what so many blinded pacifists… hope to gain, by the palm branches of tearful, pacifist female mourners.”
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
There are many cases that can be cited, but included here are summaries of a few of the worst examples of our Imperial and Ideological Wars of Domination.
Domination Madness:
“Why has man, of all the species of animals, alone the mad ambition to dominate his fellows?
Francois Voltaire
The Wars of Mani-Fascist Destiny
In 2003, Historian Howard Zinn republished his latest update of a disturbing, but true version of U.S. history, not taught in American schools: “A People’s History of the United States” is based on a lifetime of scholarly research that supports the major premises of this book. This section is drawn heavily from this and similar books, including summaries, quotes, and paraphrases of these author’s work.(see sources)
Adolph Hitler claimed that his invasions of other states in Europe, especially in the East, (Czechoslovakia, Poland, Russia, etc.), was to give the German people what he called Lebensraum, or vital living space. In the early 19th century, the Paleo-Fascist Nationalist-Conservatives, governing the emerging American Superstate, encouraged western expansion, and had every intention of taking all of what is now the Continental United States, from ocean to ocean, by whatever means necessary; including purchase, outright theft, or conquest. In their view of the world; the U.S. had a right and a duty to acquire Native-American lands, Spanish lands, French lands, Mexican lands, and eventually overseas colonies. They excused this grand larceny under the guise of a 19th Century Lebensraum Program for a New American Century, called Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny:
“It can certainly not be the intention of Heaven to give one people fifty times as much land and soil in this world as another. In this case we must not let political boundaries obscure for us the boundaries of eternal justice.” Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf
The Genocidal War on the Native Americans
In 1779, the New York militia destroyed 40 Iroquois villages:
Early American Ethnic Cleansing:
“I flatter myself that the orders with which I was entrusted are fully executed, as we have not left a single settlement or field of corn in the country of the (Iroquois), nor is there even the appearance of an Indian on this side of the Niagara
General John Sullivan, Report to the Continental Congress, 1779
Genocide has helped make the 20th Century the bloodiest in history. Genocide is defined as the systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, political, or ethnic group. It has been estimated that over 40 million people were slaughtered by Genocide during the 20th Century alone.
Here in the New World the history of the treatment of the Native Americans, from the time the European settlers first arrived in the Americas can only be described as Genocide.
In his book, Howard Zinn describes the corrupt and illegal actions of what we have called the Paleo-Fascist Conservatives of the 19th and early 20th Centuries, as they conspired to conquer the lands of the Native Americans and the Spanish Empire in the New World, ruthlessly attacking and displacing or killing any who stood in their Westward Expansion.
The White Man’s Burden:
“Take up the white man’s burden-the savage wars of peace-
Fill full the mouth of famine, And bid the sickness cease;
And when your goal is nearest (the end for others sought)
Watch sloth and heathen folly Bring all your hopes to naught.”
Rudyard Kipling
In 1492, Columbus discovered what he thought was the Indies, but which was later to become known as the Americas. What he discovered was a land with millions of Native American inhabitants, living in societies that had made surprising advances in agriculture, astronomy, commerce, and architecture. These were advances that were not expected in aboriginal societies of pagans; that had not been enlightened by Christianity.
From the very beginning, these Old World ambassadors of European Christianitybegan to abuse, enslave, and murder the native peoples. They brought with them their Imperial practices of; conquest, domination, plunder, rape, and economic exploitation; and their diseases; for which the native populations had no immunity.
“Let us in the name of the Holy Trinity; go on sending all the slaves that can be sold.”
Christopher Columbus
The Last of the Arawaks
Zinn writes that Bartolomeo de la Casas, a young catholic priest, who eventually became a harsh critic of the Spanish invaders, wrote that when he arrived in Hispaniola in 1508:
“…there were 60,000 people living on this island; so that from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and the mines…”
Zinn wrote that by the year 1515, there were perhaps fifty thousand Indians left. By 1550, there were five hundred. A report of the year 1650; shows none of the original Arawaks or their descendants left on the island.
What Columbus and his successors did to the Arawaks of the Bahamas, Cortes did to the Aztecs of Mexico, Pizarro to the Incas of Peru, and the English settlers of Virginia and Massachusetts to the Powhatans and the Pequots.
The Native American population of 10 million that lived North of Mexico when Columbus came, would ultimately be reduced to less than a million.
The genocide of the Arawaks was to be repeated hundreds of times by; Christian Spanish, French, Portuguese, Dutch, and English Conquistadores.
When the Pilgrims came to New England, they were not coming to vacant land, but to a huge land populated with hundreds of Native American tribes. The Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, created a precedent that would be used as the excuse for stealing Indian Lands for the next 200 years. The very Christian Governor Winthrop declared that the area was legally a “Vacuum”. The Indians he said, had not subdued the land, and therefore had only a “Natural Right” to it, and not a “Civil Right”. Since a Natural Right did not have legal standing, it was legal to seize Indian lands.
Early Anglo Biological Warfare:
“P.S., I will try to inoculate the Indians by means of (smallpox contaminated) Blankets that may fall in their hands, taking care however not to get the disease myself.”
A letter from British Col. Henry Bouquet to General Jeffrey Amherst, French and Indian War, 13 July 1763
Zinn writes that; Twenty years before the Declaration of Independence was signed, the Massachusetts legislature declared the Penobscot Indians; “rebels, enemies, and traitors” and provided a bounty:
“For every scalp of a male Indian brought in…forty pounds. For every scalp of such female Indian or male Indian under the age of twelve years that shall be killed…twenty pounds”
Almost from the end of the War for Independence from England, and the formation of the new nation, the United States began to take Native-American lands. This was later given the innocuous sounding name of the “Indian Removal Policy”, but what it actually involved was; a sustained program of theft, rape, pillage, plunder, and sheer genocide of hundreds of Native American tribes, and their land and culture.
In 1790, there were 3.9 million Americans, most of them living within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean. By 1830, there were 13 million; and by 1840, 4.5 million had crossed the Appalachian Mountains; into the Mississippi valley.
In 1820, 120,000 Indians lived east of the Mississippi. By 1844, fewer than 30,000 were left. The Indians tribes were an obstacle to westward expansion, and most of them had been killed or forced to migrate westward, across the Mississippi.
In 1794, General Anthony Wayne won a decisive victory against Native-Americans forces in the Ohio valley. Twelve tribes were coerced into signing the “Treaty of Greenville” which ceded the rights to the Ohio valley to the United States.
The Louisiana Purchase-Napoleon’s Stolen Property Sale
In 1801, the Liberal Democratic President Thomas Jefferson; sent Robert Livingston to Paris, France, to try and buy the City of New Orleans and adjacent lands, from Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France. New Orleans was a key port for shipping goods from all over the North American continent to the European markets across the Atlantic. Jefferson had been the U.S. Representative in Paris, during the Revolutionary War, and he and the new Republic still had strong credibility among the French, which undoubtedly made Livingston’s job easier.
By acquiring this territory, Jefferson hoped to make it secure for commerce along the Mississippi. In 1803, James Monroe joined Livingston in the Paris negotiations, and in one of the greatest real estate deals in history, they returned with the rights to a vast land area stretching west of the Mississippi river to the Rockies, north to the Canadian border and south to the Gulf of Mexico. This acquisition nearly doubled the size of the United States and ensured its position as a world power. This territory later became thirteen entirely new states, and parts of two others were carved from this immense territory.
“I have the consolation to reflect that during the period of my Administration not a drop of the blood of a single citizen was shed by the sword of war”
President Thomas Jefferson
President Jefferson had negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from a cash starved France, without a shot being fired. This purchase from the French Government added millions of acres to the territory of the new United States, and avoided what could have become a War with France; the nation that had provided critical military and financial support to the Colonies in their War for independence from Great Britain.
However, the French had sold territory that they did not actually own, to the new country that received it as stolen property, without fair remuneration to the Native Americans that actually owned it. The future occupation of this and other Native American territory by Paleo-Fascist Conservative Presidents was to be accomplished by coercion and bloody wars of conquest.
Jefferson advocated a paternalistic policy which was; to encourage the Native Americans to abandon hunting, and to lead them into agriculture, manufacturing, and other civilized pursuits. Jefferson reasoned that since the U.S. had doubled the size of the nation by the purchasing of the Louisiana Territory, extending the western frontier from the Appalachians, across the Mississippi, to the Rocky Mountains, he thought the Indians could move there. Some of the founders, like Jefferson and their descendents, were land speculators, including George Washington and Patrick Henry.
In 1809, Tecumseh, a Shawnee Chief established a union of Native American tribes to resist westward expansion into the Mississippi valley, and in 1811, at an Indian gathering of 5,000 on the banks of the Tallapoosa river in Alabama, he said;
“Let the white race perish, they seize your land, they corrupt your women, they trample on the ashes of your dead! Back where they came, upon a trail of blood, they must be driven”
Tecumseh
In 1810 President Madison annexed western and northern portions of Florida, and in 1811, William Henry Harrison led an attack on Tecumseh and the Shawnee tribe at the battle of Tippecanoe in Indiana. Tecumseh died in battle in 1813, crippling Indian resistance in the Ohio valley. The war of 1812 against England had resulted in the expansion into Florida, Canada, and Indian territory.
Fascists All Believe in Manifest Destiny:
“The insistence on ‘Manifest Destiny of the nation whether Germany or Italy, is at bottom, simply the search for new sources of wealth to be exploited as a means of maintaining acquiescence in the regime. Conquest means posts, investments, a market to be politically controlled. The attack on Democratic principles, necessarily flow from the need of the leader to justify his own exercise of absolute power.”
Harold Laski, Professor of Political Science, London School of Economics, Prominent Member of the British Labour Party, 1943
Future President, Andrew Jackson, was a land speculator, slave trader, and the most aggressive enemy of the Indians in early American history. Jackson became a phony national hero in 1814, when he fought the battle of Horseshoe Bend, allied with the Cherokees, against a thousand Creeks, killing 800 of them, with few casualties on his side. When the war ended, Jackson and his friends began buying up the seized Creek lands. He got himself appointed Treaty Commissioner and dictated a treaty which took away half the land of the Creek nation, the largest single theft of southern American land. From 1814 to 1825, in a series of lopsided treaties with the southern Indians, whites took over three-fourths of Alabama and Florida, one-third of Tennessee, one-fifth of Georgia, and Mississippi, and parts of Kentucky and North Carolina.
From 1816 to 1827 tension developed between the Northern and Southern states over slavery, and the Underground Railroad was established to assist runaway slaves. Jackson’s previous actions had brought the white settlements to the border of Florida, owned by Spain. Jackson then began raids into Florida, arguing it was a sanctuary for escaped slaves, and for marauding Indians. Florida, he said was essential to the defense of the United States. Thus began the Seminole War of 1817-1818. As a result of Jackson’s campaign, burning Seminole villages, and seizing Spanish forts, Spain was persuaded to sell Florida to the United States in 1819. Jackson then became the Governor of Florida Territory.
Jackson was elected President in 1828, and the “Indian Removal” bill became the “leading measure” of his administration, and the “greatest question that ever came before Congress” except for matters of peace and war.
In 1832, Jackson was re-elected, and the Choctaw tribe was sent on a forced march from Alabama and Mississippi to Oklahoma.
The Indian Removal Act, May 28, 1830:
“Be it Enacted… that it shall and may be lawful for the President of the United States to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States , West of the river Mississippi , not included in any state or organized territory , and to which Indian title has been extinguished , as he may Judge necessary, to be divided into a suitable number of Districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of Indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they now reside, and remove there…”
The Indian Removal Act was sold to the Congress and the people as a program of equitable land exchange, by which new western Indian Territory lands would be given in exchange for Indian lands east of the Mississippi, along with Federal government protection of the Indians against the states. In reality the actual execution proved to be devious and ruthless, and the Indians were moved further and farther west, and forced to live on confined reservations of land, which were not able to sustain their populations.
As soon as Jackson was elected President, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi began to pass laws to extend states rule over the Indians in their territory. These laws did away with the tribe as a legal unit, outlawed tribal meetings, took away the chief’s powers, and made the Indians subject to militia duty and state taxes, but denied them the right to vote, bring suits, or to testify in court. Indian territory was divided up, to be distributed by state lottery.
Jackson sent a message to the Choctaws and Cherokees, which included a phrase to live forever in infamy.
The Great White Father:
“Say to my Choctaw children and my Chickasaw children to listen…by removing from the limits of the states of Mississippi and Alabama, and by being settled the lands I offer them…which they shall possess as long as grass grows or water runs. I am and will protect them and be their friend and father.”
Andrew Jackson
Treaties made under pressure and by deception, broke up Creek, Choctaw, and Chickasaw tribal lands into individual holdings, making each person prey to contractors, speculators, and politicians.
Everything in the Indian heritage spoke out against leaving their land. A council of Creeks being offered money for their lands said:
“We should not receive money for land in which our fathers and friends are buried.”
The Creeks defrauded of their land, short of money and food, refused to go west. Starving Creeks began raiding white farms, while Georgia Militia and settlers attacked Indian settlements in what became the Second Creek War.
The 17,000 Cherokees surrounded by 900,000 whites in Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee began to adopt the trappings of white civilization. Under the guidance of their Chief, Sequoyah, they became farmers, developed a written language, a legislative council, and began publishing their own newspaper; The Cherokee Phoenix, printed in English and Cherokee.
In 1829, Jackson informed the Congress;
“I informed the Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia and Alabama that their attempt to establish an independent government would not be countenanced by the Executive of the United States, and advised them to emigrate beyond the Mississippi or submit to the laws of those states”
Andrew Jackson
Congress moved quickly to pass the Indian Removal bill. In 1831, thirteen thousand Choctaws began the long journey west to a land and climate totally different from what they knew. The first winter migration was one of the coldest on record, and people began to die of pneumonia. In the summer a major Cholera epidemic hit Mississippi and Choctaws died by the hundreds.
In his second annual message to Congress, in December 1830, Jackson pointed to the fact that the Choctaws and Chickasaws had already agreed to removal, and that a “speedy removal” of the rest would offer many advantages to everyone.
“He has done nothing for which an Indian ought to be ashamed. He has fought for his countrymen, the squaws and papooses, against white men, who came year after year, to cheat them and take away their lands.”
Chief Black Hawk, Sac and Fox tribe of Illinois, captured in 1832
In the battle preceding his capture, the gallant American Commander reported;
“As we neared them, they raised a white flag, and endeavored to decoy us, but we were too old for them. The soldiers fired, killing women and children as well as warriors.”
Georgia put Cherokee land on sale and moved Militia in to crush any sign of Cherokee resistance. Jackson then moved to speed up Indian removal. Most of the Choctaws; and some of the Cherokees were gone, but there were still 22,000 Creeks in Alabama, 18,000 Cherokees in Georgia, and 5,000 Seminoles in Florida. On the basis of false promises from the Federal government, Creek delegates finally signed the coerced Treaty of Washington agreeing to the removal beyond the Mississippi.
Within days the promises were broken, as a white invasion of Creek lands began by looters, land seekers, defrauders, whiskey sellers, and thugs, driving thousands of Creeks from their homes into the swamps and forests. Despite the hardships, the Creeks refused to budge; but by 1836, both state and federal officials decided they must go. An army of eleven thousand troops was sent after them, and they surrendered. They were removed to a concentration camp on Mobile Bay. Hundreds died from lack of food and sickness.
The Choctaws and Chickasaws had quickly agreed to migrate, but the Creeks were stubborn and had to be forced. The Cherokees practiced a non-violent resistance, and when summoned to sign the removal treaty, fewer than 500 of the 17,000 Cherokees appeared, but the treaty was signed anyway.
In 1838, General Winfield Scott with 15 regiments of regulars and 4,000 Militia moved into Cherokee territory to use whatever force was necessary to move the Cherokees west.
Removal of the Cherokees to Indian Territory, May 10, 1838:
“Cherokees, the President of the United States has sent me with a powerful Army to cause you, in obedience to the treaty of 1835, to join that part of your people who have already established in prosperity on the other side of the Mississippi. I am come to carry out that determination.. Obey them (our troops) when they tell you that you can remain no longer in this country… Chiefs, Headmen, and Warriors! Will you then by resistance, compel us to resort to arms?... Or will you, by flight, seek to hide yourselves in mountains and forests, and thus oblige us to hunt you down?....spare me I beseech you, the horror of witnessing the destruction of the Cherokees…”
Major General Winfield Scott, USA
17,000 Cherokees were rounded up and crowded into stockades. On October 1, 1838, the first detachment set out, in what was to be known as the “Trail of Tears.” As they moved westwards, they began to die; of sickness, drought, heat, and exposure. On the march westward four thousand Cherokees died.
The Seminoles decided to fight. When the Indian agent ordered them to assemble for relocation, no one came. The Seminoles then began a series of guerrilla attacks on white coastal settlements. Congress then appropriated money for a war against the Seminoles.
General Winfield Scott took charge, but no one wanted to face the Seminoles in the Florida swamps. After a war of attrition that lasted eight years and at a cost $20 million, Osceola was captured in 1837, by treachery under a flag of truce.
“Am I a negro? Am I a Slave? My skin is dark, but not black! I am an Indian - A Seminole! The white man shall not make me black! I will make the white man red with blood, and then blacken him in the sun and rain, where the wolf shall smell of his bones, and the buzzard live upon his flesh!
Osceola, Seminole War Chief, 1835
The following lists all of the recorded wars on the Native Americans by the civilized conquerors spreading Christianity and American style Democracy in the new world:
Powhatan War, 1622-1644
Mohawk-Mohican War, 1624-1628
Pequot War, 1637
Iroquoian War, 1638-1684
Algonquin-Dutch War, 1639-1645
Iroquois-French War, 1642-1696
Maryland’s War with the Susquehannocks, 1644-1652
Iroquois-Huron War, 1648-1650
Peach War, 1655-1657
Esopus War, 1655-1660 and 1663-16664
King Philips’s War, 1675-1676
First Abnaki War, 1675-1678
Second Abnaki War, 1702-1712
Tuscarora War, 1711-1712
Fox Resistance, 1712-1733
Yamasee War, 1715-1716
Chickasaw Resistance, 1720-1724
Natchez Revolt, 1729
Third Abnaki War, 1722-1727
Second Pima Revolt, 1751
French and Indian War, 1754-1763
Cherokee Uprising, 1759-1762
Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763-1766
Little Turtle’s War, (Shawnee)1786-1795
Creek War, 1812-1814
First Seminole War, 1817-1818
Wars of Indian Removal, (Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Cherokees, and Seminoles) 1830-1839
Second Seminole War, 1835-1842
Third Seminole War, 1855-1858
Black Hawk War, 1832
Mariposa War, (Digger tribe) 1850-1851
Yuma and Mojave Uprising, 1851-1852
Rogue River War,(Cayuse), 1855-1856
Yakima War, 1855
Coeur d’Alene War,(Spokane, Palouse,and Coeur d’Alene), 1858
Paiute War, 1860
Apache and Navajo War, 1860-1868
Minnesota Santee Sioux Uprising, 1862
“We have no food, but here there are stores filled with food.”
Santee Sioux Chief, August 15, 1862
“So far as I am concerned , if they are hungry, let them eat grass or their own dung.”
Andrew J. Myrick, Trading Post Operator
(In the massacre that followed, Myrick would be among the first to fall. The Indians stuffed his mouth with grass)
Minnesota Santee Sioux Uprising, 1862
Cheyenne and Arapaho War, 1864-1865
Bozeman Trail War, (Oglala Sioux), 1866-1868
Hancock’s War,(Southern Cheyenne, Southern Arapahos, Oglalas, and Southern Brule Sioux), 1867
Snake War, (Paiutes), 1866-1868
Sheridan’s Campaign, (total war on plains Sioux), 1868-1869
Madoc War, 1872-1873
Kiowa War, 1874-1875
Apache War, 1876-1886
Black Hills Sioux War, 1876-1877
Nez Perce War, 1877
Bannock War, 1878
Sheepeater War, 1879
Ute War, 1879
Sioux War, 1890-1891
With the Wounded Knee Massacre, in 1890, the Indian Wars ended.
(Source: America’s Wars, by Alan Axelrod)
In 1871, By the Indian Appropriations Act, all Native-Americans were labeled “wards of the U.S. Government”
In 1879, White settlers began to invade Native-American reservations in Oklahoma for land.
In 1886, the Chiracahua Apache Chief, Geronimo, was arrested and deported to Florida as a POW.
In 1889, Two million acres of native land in Oklahoma,was transferred to U.S. settlers by the Oklahoma Land Rush.
In 1890, Congress establishes the ‘Oklahoma Territory” further stripping Native-Americans of their lands.
In 1890, Federal troops massacred more than 200 Sioux Men, Women, and children at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
In 1892, the Dawes act took more than two million acres of Crow lands in Montana for white settlers.
In 1893, six million acres of Cherokee land in Oklahoma was seized for white settlers.
In 1894, one million acres of Native lands were granted to white settlers by the Carey act.
In 1909, an additional Dawes act took 700,000 acres of Native-American land for white settlers.
The “Lebensraum” War on Mexico
20th Century Lebensraum (Vital Space):
“To deny Germany its colonies any longer and challenge its right to additional ‘Vital Space’(Lebensraum) and a source of raw materials would mean to compound the sin of passively tolerating Soviet domination—the greatest crime in human history—with a new sin.”
Paul Ritter, Nazi Colonial Office, Leipzig 1937
The Spanish empire in the new world was seized by conquest from the Native American tribes in the Americas. By the early 1800s Spanish settlements, in areas now part of the Southwest U.S. had been well established for over a century. The Spanish government had encouraged colonization of their land by Anglo-American settlers. In the 1820s, American land developers, such as Moses Austin, known as empresarios, negotiated Land Grants with the Spanish government for the purpose of establishing colonies, and the right to sell land to settlers, in territory that is now called Texas.
In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain, but their neighbors to the north were engaged in a relentless westward expansion. New York journalist John O’Sullivan wrote that it was our;
“Manifest Destiny” to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
This westward expansion had already taken the lands of hundreds of Native American tribes, who by then were being crowded onto reservations that could not sustain them.
“We must march from Texas straight to the Pacific Ocean, and be bounded only by its roaring wave… It is the destiny of the white race, it is the destiny of the Anglo-Saxon race.”
Congressman Giles of Maryland, 1847
In 1823, President James Monroe issued what was called the “Monroe Doctrine” which declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to any European expansion or intervention, without military opposition from the U.S. The U.S. was announcing to the world that it needed more Lebensraum, and it had sole claim to the Americas.
In 1829, President Andrew Jackson tipped his hand when he made an unsuccessful bid to purchase Texas from the Mexican Government, for $5 million dollars. The offer was rejected, and by 1830 the Mexican government sensing an intention to take their lands by insurrection, prohibited any further colonizing of Texas.
By 1836, the Texas Anglo-American population was about 50,000 and the Mexican Nationals numbered only 30,000. The territory had become de-facto Anglo. These settlers, predominately white Anglo-Saxon Protestant colonists felt racially, morally, and politically superior to the Mexicans; and harbored resentment of the Mexican government over issues of slavery (which they wanted), trade and taxation, (which they resisted), and at being ruled by a Catholic government. In 1829, the Mexican government tried to satisfy the colonists and issued a proclamation which permitted Texas, the only portion of a state in Mexico, to maintain slaves. In 1834, the Mexican government also issued a guarantee of religious and political freedom to all of Mexico; which removed two major reasons for the political unrest in the colonies. It was not enough!
Stephen F. Austin, the son of empresario Moses Austin, then traveled to Mexico to present a petition for granting Texas the status of a separate state within Mexico. Mexican President Santa Anna pledged to remedy all Texas grievances, but did not agree to the proposal to make Texas a separate state. Before he could leave Mexico, Austin was arrested and jailed for having urged Texas statehood in a letter. When he was released in 1835, Austin threw his support to those who were advocating Independence from Mexico by rebellion.
The first act of rebellion occurred when the Texans forced the surrender of a small Mexican Garrison and customs house at Anahuac, southeast of present day Houston.
The historical evidence is solid, that the U.S. Government under Paleo-Fascist Conservative Presidents Andrew Jackson and James K. Polk; whose overtures to buy Texas in 1829, and California in 1845, from Mexico (also refused), reflect a pattern of continuing coercion to acquire this territory by purchase, or conquest if necessary. These were the same methods previously successfully used on the Native American tribes.
At the end of 1835, Santa Anna sent some cavalry troops to Texas to enforce Mexican laws; but they were eventually forced to retreat to a fortified old mission church in San Antonio called the Alamo. On December 5, 1835, a Texas force of 5,300 men stormed the city and the badly outnumbered Mexicans were forced to surrender. By January 1836 Santa Anna and a force of 5,000 men marched into Texas to punish the Texas rebels. He arrived in San Antonio on February 25, 1836, and after a short siege took the broken down fortress called the Alamo, on March 6, 1836. The remaining defenders not killed in the battle, were executed. The fall of the Alamo, and the summary executions at the Alamo and at Goliad, provided the Texas revolution with martyrs, and a battle cry; “Remember the Alamo!”
Santa Anna’s reduced and sick troops and the rebels, faced off at the Battle of San Jacinto, where in eighteen minutes, the Texans had an overwhelming victory. They captured Santa Anna, who was then forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco in exchange for his life. In the Treaty; signed under duress, the Mexicans agreed to evacuate all Mexican Armed Forces from Texas, and recognized the former province as the Independent and sovereign Republic of Texas.
The new government of Mexico repudiated the Treaty of Velasco, and refused to recognize the Texans, who then petitioned the U.S. government for statehood and annexation. On July 4, 1845, President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to take up positions near the Rio Grande, near present Corpus Christi in the disputed Texas territory.
Texas was quickly admitted to the union in December 1845, and designated a slave state in 1848. In February 1846, Taylor was ordered to advance 100 miles past the Nueces River, into what had always been recognized as Mexican territory, actually violating the sovereign rights of Mexico.
“I have said from the first that the United States are the aggressors...we have not one particle of right to be here…it looks as if the government sent a small force on purpose to bring on a war, so as to have a pretext for taking California and as much of this country as it chooses.”
Colonel Ethan Allen Hitchcock, US Army
This was a direct provocative challenge to the Mexicans; that eventually brought a response. On April 25, 1846, a substantial Mexican force crossed the Rio Grande and attacked an advance detachment of sixty U.S. mounted Dragoons, killing eleven Americans. Taylor quickly reported to Polk that hostilities had commenced. Polk then sent a message to congress. He spoke of the dispatch of American troops to the Rio Grande as a necessary measure of defense, but the reverse was true. Polk had incited war by sending American soldiers into what was disputed territory, historically controlled and inhabitated by Mexicans. Congress then rushed to approve the war message. In 1846, Abraham Lincoln challenged Polk to specify the exact spot where American blood was shed “on the American soil.”
“…If to say the war was unnecessarily and unconstitutionally commenced by the President; be opposing the war, then the Whigs have very generally opposed it.”
Abraham Lincoln
Possessing superior weapons, the American forces went on the offensive, and won continuous victories over the Mexican forces, equipped with ancient cannons. They took Monterey in September 1846, Saltillo and Tampico in November 1846, Buena Vista in February 1847, Vera Cruz in March 1847, Puebla in May 1847, Churubusco, Chapultepec, and finally Mexico City in September 1847. The American bombardments of the cities, was an indiscriminate killing of civilian men, women, and children.
William Lloyd Garrison’s Liberator, denounced the war as one “of aggression, of invasion, of conquest, and rapine—marked by ruffianism, perfidy, and other features of national depravity…”
Other newspapers also protested the war. Horace Greeley wrote in the New York Tribune;
“We can easily slaughter the armies of Mexico, slaughter them by the thousands, and pursue them perhaps to their capital; we can conquer and annex their territory; but what then? Have the histories of the ruin of Greek and Roman liberty, consequent on such extensions of empire by the sword, no lesson for us?”
Horace Greeley
Meanwhile Anglo-American settlers in California had also been agitating for Independence. In 1840, President Polk had sent John Slidell, of Louisiana, to Mexico City to negotiate the purchase of California for the sum of $40 million. The Mexican President refused to see him, and Polk commissioned the U.S. Consul at Monterey, to covertly organize the prosperous and influential California community into a separatist movement, sympathetic to annexation. Men like John Fremont then started the rebellion when they raised the American flag on Hawk’s Peak in Northern California.
In 1846, Fremont was notified by the Polk government that; war between the U.S. and Mexico was imminent, that U.S. warships were already anchored in San Francisco Bay, that the rest of the U.S. Pacific Fleet was already anchored off Mazatlan, and that U.S. and Mexican troops faced each other across the Mexican border. Fremont later claimed that he had received secret orders from Polk, authorizing him to take action to bring about a rebellion in California. In June 1846, a group of hunters, trappers, and sailors, under the leadership of Fremont and other Anglo-American leaders took the settlement of Sonoma, and negotiated a surrender from the town’s leading citizen. On July 1, 1846, 134 men took the Presidio at San Francisco. On July 7, 1846, Commodore Sloat of the U.S. Navy landed at Monterey and claimed possession of California in the name of the U.S. Fremont was named commander of the California Battalion in the War with Mexico.
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, also signed under duress, on February 2, 1848, was quickly ratified by the U.S. Senate. In return for cession of all of ‘New Mexico” which including the present states of New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, part of Colorado and California, as well as the renunciation of all claims to Texas above the Rio Grande river. The grand sum of $15 million was paid to Mexico. Probably one of the greatest land swindles in history.
“I cannot for an instant recognize that political organization as my government…when a whole country (Mexico) is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjected to military law, I think that it is not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize.”
Henry David Thoreau
The “Lebensraum” War on Spain
In the late 1890s, the American Imperial-Nationalist propagandist, and yellow journalist, W. Randolph Hearst, and other Corporate media moguls, helped the Paleo-Fascist Conservative Republican Government of President William McKinley to persuade the American people to wage an unnecessary and illegal war against Spain. This war was strongly advocated by suchPaleo-Fascist-Conservative Republicans as; President McKinley, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt.
The patrician Mr. Lodge, a Brahmin of early colonial stock, was one of the country’s foremost White Supremacists. He actually believed that the Anglo-Saxon race possessed qualities that destined it for greatness, and is quoted saying:
“If a lower race (designated as “Black, Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics”) mixes with a higher, in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail.”
Henry Cabot Lodge
The Big Lie for the Spanish American War; was that Spanish saboteurs had used torpedoes (mines) to blow up the USS Maine, while docked in Havana harbor. At the peak of the hysteria, Hearst Headlines read; “Maine Was Destroyed by Treachery” and “The Whole Country Thrills With War Fever.”
“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”
W. Randolph Hearst
Historical records prove that the Spanish Government, which was facing an insurrection in Cuba, had willingly agreed to U.S. offers to mediate the dispute with the rebels; but before any effort could be made to find a peaceful solution to the crisis, McKinley had taken the unusual step of sending the Maine, a modern warship to Cuba, and placed it in Havana Harbor, under the noses of the Spanish government. This was a provocative and threatening step; but the Spanish, anxious to avoid war, had swallowed this insult. It would have been comparable to Hitler bringing the Bismarck Battleship to New York Harbor, without clearance, after the invasion of Poland.
The Maine exploded on February 15, 1898, killing 260 American sailors. The Naval Court of Inquiry was unable to determine the cause; but McKinley lied to the Congress, and claimed that the Court had determined that the explosion was caused by an “external” explosion (meaning sabotage by the Spanish). Many decades later, divers proved that the explosion was caused by an “internal” explosion, and was probably an accident caused by the detonation of its own fuel.
An Eyewitness Account:
“I have no theories as to the cause of the explosion. I cannot form any. I, with others, had heard the Havana Harbor was full of torpedoes (mines) but the officers whose duty it was to examine into that reported that they found no signs of any. Personally, I do not believe that the Spanish had anything to do with the disaster.”
Lt. John J. Blandin’s account of the explosion of the Battleship Maine, February 15, 1898
The State Department then sent an ultimatum to Spain, and before the Spanish Government could act, McKinley on April 11, 1898, delivered a Declaration of War Message to the Congress. War with Spain was then quickly declared by the Paleo-Fascist Conservative Republican controlled Congress. Some of the moderate Republicans objected to the unjust war. For example, House Speaker Reed actually resigned in protest. The U.S. then mounted an illegal invasion of all Spanish possessions in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other Spanish islands in the West Indies.
The U.S. defeated the small Spanish West Indies fleet, seized Cuba, Puerto Rico, and in a completely unjustifiable aggression, and blatant land grab, thousands of miles away, in the Pacific; attacked and defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippine Islands! During the subsequent peace conference, held under the barrels of U.S. Naval guns, the U.S. demanded and received, the Spanish possessions of Puerto Rico, Cuba, other islands in the West Indies, and took possession of the Philippine Islands, Wake, and Guam.
Later, Philippine patriots, calling themselves “Insurgos” or insurrectionists, resisted American armed benevolence, and waged war against their new Colonial dominators. Over 600,000 brave Filipinos died in that insurgency, so that they could enjoy the benefits of 19th Century Democracy, American style. This meant living under the government of an aristocratic American Army Military Governor named Arthur MacArthur, father of General Douglas MacArthur.
Thus began the U.S. lust for empire; based on the unilateral, and illegal assertions of the Monroe Doctrine, and Manifest Destiny; which has led to the permanent domination of Central America, and the South American Continent, and to seizing economic possessions in the Pacific.
Theodore Roosevelt was a militarist who expressed a liking for war. He continued what became known as “Big Stick” imperial policy toward the countries of the Southern hemisphere during his Presidency (1901-1909)
Although Theodore Roosevelt became known for being the Corporate “Trust Buster” and his term of office was known as the “Progressive era”, the people of Central and South America can be excused for not finding very much that was progressive about the repeated incursion, invasions, and manipulation of their governments by the U.S. for the following decades.
Over the past hundred years, the U.S. has continued to exercise continuing political, economic, and military hegemony over the countries of our neighbors in Central and South America; frequently intruding into their sovereign affairs. For example, between 1898 and 1934, the Marines invaded Cuba four times, Nicaragua five times, Honduras seven times, the Dominican Republic four times, Haiti twice, Guatemala once, Panama twice, Mexico three times, and Columbia four times.
After each invasion and a period of occupation, the U.S. has traditionally followed a practice of setting up puppet states; ruled by brutal dictators,
armed to the teeth with American made weapons, and trained to suppress their own people. Behind the military came shiploads of U.S. businessmen ready to set up Plantations, dig oil wells, and stake out mining claims. The military were then frequently called back to protect these businessmen, enforce slave labor working conditions, and put down political protests, labor strikes, and rebellions.
We greedily embraced Old World Imperialism, and it was good!
It was not unusual for the U.S. to manipulate elections and in one case, to actually create a new country, with land stolen from a neighboring state.
For example, in 1903, the U.S. and its surrogates, engineered a revolution against the nation of Columbia; set up the tiny Republic of Panama, and dictated a treaty giving the U.S. military bases, and U.S. “sovereignty in Perpetuity” over the Panama Canal.
By the 1950s, one of these countries, Cuba; was being run by the corrupt U.S. supported Batista regime, when the popular revolutionary Socialist, Fidel Castro and his peasant rebels, overran Cuba on New Years Day, 1959. They overthrew the hated Batista government and nationalized most of the property of foreign corporations that had exploited the Cuban people for decades.
For this Capitalist mortal sin, the U.S. turned its back on the rebels, and drove them into the hands of the Soviet Union; insuring that Cuba would become a Soviet ally and a full blown Communist Dictatorship. To this day, American foreign policy towards Cuba is distorted by anti-Castro Cubans, led by the descendants of the Batista regime and many of the old Cuban ruling class, which had escaped to Florida.
Some of the descendants of these Cubans are NFC Republicans serving in Congress; who have fought to maintain the embargo on Cuba even when the UN almost unanimously voted to end it. They continuously attempt to involve the U.S. in military confrontations with Cuba.
Throughout this time, the U.S. has continued to maintain its Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the only U.S. Base in a so-called hostile Communist Country. The U.S. also continues its possession of Puerto Rico, the occupation of bases in Panama, and domination of Panamanian politics to the present day; when the Panama Canal has long ceased to be a strategic naval choke point. The Philippines have gained their Independence; but had to struggle for decades to emerge from under U.S. domination.
We Are The Veterans of Too Many Foreign Wars!
“The awareness that we are all human beings together has become lost in war and through politics”
Albert Schweitzer, Appeal for World Peace, April 30, 1958
The U.S. has been involved in more foreign wars in the last Century, than any other nation. We also spend more on our military than all other countries combined. Most of these wars, advocated by the Nationalist-Conservatives of both parties, have caused as much damage to the American people, as they did to our chosen enemies. Invariably, these unpopular wars have been caused by the agitation of Nationalist-conservatives in Congress. Whenever Liberals have resisted such war fever, the Nationalist-Conservative Republicans used their Pacifism to attack, isolate, and defeat them.
This is a partial list of over a Century of U.S. military foreign invasions, interventions, and covert interference in the affairs of other nations, around the world, from 1890-2005. With the exception of those to protect American citizens, to support our European allies against the Militarist-Nationalist- Conservative Fascist Dictatorship aggression of WWII, and to stop Genocide, they were mostly unjustified.
“There never was a time when, in my opinion, some way could not be found to prevent the drawing of the sword.”
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Class of 1843, United States Military Academy
Argentina, 1890, protecting U.S. “Interests”
Chile, 1891, Oppose Nationalist rebels
Haiti, 1891, Black workers revolt put down
Hawaii, 1893, assisted in overthrowing Hawaiian Kingdom
Nicaragua,1894, protecting U.S. Interests
China, 1894-95,Intervened in Sino-Japanese War
Korea, 1894-96, Station Marines in Seoul during Sino-Japanese War
Panama, 1895, protecting U.S. Interests
Nicaragua, 1896, protecting U.S. Interests
China, 1899-1901, Boxer Rebellion put down
Puerto Rico, 1898-Present, seized from Spain.
Nicaragua, 1898, protecting U.S. Interests
Samoa, 1899, entered the Battle over succession to the throne
Nicaragua, 1899, protecting U.S. Interests
War with Spain, 1898, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake Island, and the Philippines ceded to the U.S. by Spain for $20 million, U.S. still occupies the Naval Base at Guantanamo, Cuba, and Puerto Rico,
Philippine Occupation/Insurrection , 1899-1902,
600,000 Filipino Insurgent Nationalists killed
Philippines, Moro Wars, 1901-1913
Panamanian Revolution, 1903, U.S. supports rebels in revolt against Columbia, Panama Canal Zone annexed by the U.S. in Perpetuity
Honduras, 1903, intervention in internal revolution
Dominican Republic, 1903-04, protecting U.S. Interests
Korea, 1904-05, Marines intervened in Russo-Japanese war
Cuba, 1906-09, Marines interfered in elections
Nicaragua, 1907, “Dollar Diplomacy” Protectorate established
Honduras, 1907, Marines landed during a war with Nicaragua
Panama, 1908, Marines intervened in Election
Nicaraguan Civil War, 1909-1912, protecting U.S. Interests
Honduras, 1911, protecting U.S. Interests
China, 1911-41, Continuous occupation with periodic flare-ups
Cuba, 1912, protecting U.S. Interests
Panama, 1912, Marines landed during heated elections
Honduras, 1912, protecting U.S. Interests
Nicaraguan Civil War, 1912-33, 20 year U.S. Occupation, fought freedom fighter guerrillas
Mexico, 1913, Americans evacuated during revolution
Dominican Republic, 1914, Naval fight with rebels
Mexico, 1916-1917, Punitive Expedition against Villa’s raids.
Haiti, 1913-34, 19 year occupation, after revolts
Dominic Republic, 1916-24, 8 year Marine Occupation
Cuba, 1917-33, 16 year Military Occupation, Economic Protectorate
World War I, 1917-1918, War with Germany, Austrian, Turkish forces.
U.S. Casualties: 53,402 Killed, 63,114 Other deaths, 204,002 Wounded Called the “War to Make The World Safe For Democracy”
Russia, 1918-22, to fight the Bolsheviks
Panama, 1918-20, after unrest after elections
Honduras, 1919, Marines land during election campaign
Guatemala, 1920, U.S. Intervention against unionists
Turkey, 1922, fought Nationalists
China, 1922-27, during Nationalist Revolt
Honduras, 1924-25, landed twice during elections
Panama, 1925, Marines suppress general strike
China, 1928-34, Marines stationed throughout Country
El Salvador, 1932, intervene in the Faribundo Marti revolt
World War II, 1941-45, 40 million Killed worldwide in war against Fascism; U.S. Casualties: 291,557 killed, 113,842 Other Deaths, 671,846 wounded
(over 50 years later, U.S. still occupying many bases in Germany and Japan)
Iran, 1946, to oppose Soviet troops in Azerbaijan
Uruguay, 1947, Bombers deployed, show of strength
Greece, 1947-49 U.S. directed the extreme right in a Civil War
Germany, 1948, Berlin Airlift
Philippines, 1948-54, U.S. CIA directs war against Huk rebellion
Puerto Rico, 1950, Independence rebellion, crushed by the U.S.
Korean War, 1951-53, 88,000 UN Casualties, U.S. Casualties: 54,643 Killed, 153,303 Wounded, 2 Million North Korean and 1 Million South Koreans Killed, Defending Capitalism against Communism
(U.S. still Occupies bases in South Korea, and Okinawa)
Iran, 1953, CIA Overthrows Democratically elected Government and installs Shah
Vietnam, 1954, U.S. backs the French with Air and financial support
Guatemala, 1954, CIA directs exile invasion
Lebanon, 1958, Marine Occupation against rebels
Panama, 1958, Flag protests erupt into confrontation
Vietnam War, 1960-75, Longest U.S. War, Tonkin Gulf resolution based on lies, Domino Theory, U.S. Casualties: 58,167 Killed, 153,303 wounded, 6 Million Vietnamese killed, defending Capitalism against Communism.
Laos, 1961, U.S. involved in Military buildup during guerrilla War
Cuba, 1961, CIA directed Exile invasion fails.
Germany, Berlin Wall crisis
Cuba, 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis, Nuclear War narrowly averted.
Panama, 1964, Panamanians shot for urging Canal return
Indonesia, 1965, One million killed in a CIA/Army coup
Dominican Republic, 1965-66
Guatemala, 1966-67, Green Berets against rebels
Cambodia, 1969-75, 2 million killed in decade of bombing, and starvation
Oman, 1970, Assist against Iranian invasion
Laos, 1971-73, Carpet Bombing of country
Chile, 1973, CIA directs ouster and assassination of elected President Allende
Cambodia, 1975, Bombing campaign
Angola, 1976-92, U.S. supports South African backed rebels
Iran, 1980, Aborted Raid, Embassy Hostages
Libya, 1981, Two Libyan Jets shot down by the U.S.
El Salvador, 1981-92, Aid to Anti-Rebel war
Nicaragua, 1981-90, support of the Contras against the popular leftist Sandinista government
Honduras, 1981-90, U.S. illegally provided support of reactionary Nicaraguan rebels known as the “Contras”
Lebanon, 1982-84, Expel the PLO/Muslims, and support the Phalangists, over 200 marines killed
Grenada, 1983-8, U. S. Invasion four years after coup, diverts attention to the loss of Marines in Lebanon.
Libya, 1986, Air Strikes to topple Nationalist government
Bolivia, 1987, Army raids on Cocaine regions
Iran, 1987-88, U.S. intervenes on side of Iraq and bombs Iran
Libya, 1989, Two Libyan jets shot down by U.S. Aircraft
Virgin Islands, 1989, to quell Black unrest
Panama, 1989, U.S. Invasion, Noriega’s Nationalist Government ousted, by 24,000 U.S. troops
Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, 1990-91 , Bases occupied,
to oppose Iraq invasion of Kuwait, possibly encouraged by the U.S.
Iraq War of Attrition, 1991- 2003, massive destruction of Iraqi military, and civilian infrastructure, Sustained control of Iraq Airspace, no fly zones, UN Inspectors
Somalia, 1992-94, U.S. led UN intervention
Haiti, 1994, Clinton sends U.S. troops restore elected President Jean Bertrand Aristide to office
Bosnia, 1994-95, U.S. Intervenes for Humanitarian purposes
Kosovo Crisis, 1999, US/NATO Air War against Milosevic led Serbians involved in Ethnic Cleansing, and Genocide.
Haiti, 2004, U.S. CIA involved in Coup sponsored by Ruling elite, to remove the democratically elected Aristide, by the FRAPH Haitian Front, headed by Guy Phillipe, brutal Police Chief, trained by the U.S.
2001-Present The Never-Ending Global War on Terror (GWOT)
Iraq War II, 2003-Present, Illegal Invasion and Occupation
650,000 Iraqi civilians killed, and over 3,000 U.S. Military killed by October 2006
(Note: Major conflicts shown in bold letters, all Casualty Data from the official Pentagon Website)
Gen. David M. Shoup, USMC, who received the Medal of Honor in WWll; and became Commandant of the Marine Corps in the early 1960s, publicly railed against America’s continuous interventions and wars. In 1966 he said:
“ I believe that if we would keep our dirty, bloody, dollar-soaked fingers out of the business of these nations so full of depressed, exploited people, they will arrive at a solution on their own… And if unfortunately their revolution must be of the violent type because the ‘haves’ refuse to share with the ‘have-nots’ by any peaceful methods, at least what they get will be their own and not the American style, which they don’t want and above all don’t want crammed down their throats by Americans”.
As a result of our many and continuing Foreign wars, as of 2002, there were still living in the U.S 25,038,459 Veterans and 17, 578,500 War Veterans, many of whom have not received adequate medical care for War related injuries and illnesses.
The Nuclear Chain Reaction of The Cold War:
“I have told the Secretary of War, Mr. Stimson, to use it so that military objectives and soldiers and sailors are the target and not women and children. Even if the Japs are savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader of the world for the common welfare cannot drop that terrible bomb on the old Capitol or the new. He and I are in accord. The target will be a purely military one and we will issue a warning statement asking the Japs to surrender and save lives.
President Harry S. Truman, Diary entry, July 25, 1945, (The Militarists in the Truman regime, later persuaded him to use them on the civilian populations)
The start of the Cold War can realistically be traced to these decisions in the last days of WWII. Gary G. Kohls of Duluth, Minnesota wrote an essay on the subject, some of which is repeated here.
“On August 9th, 1945, the second of the only two atomic bombs ever used as instruments of aggressive war (against essentially defenseless civilian populations) was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, by an all-Christian bomb crew. The well-trained American soldi |