- This is proof of the Genesis of Presidential policy for the commission of War Crimes in the War in Afghanistan, Iraq, at Guantánamo, at Abu Ghraib, and at numerous other undisclosed locations, by the US Armed Forces, the CIA, Civilian contractors; and by third countries in conspiracy with the Administration.

- For the first time in our history, a President has chosen to put us into the same league with the Communist Chinese, North Koreans, and a long line of Human Rights abusing regimes.

- On August 4, 2004, the Christian Science monitor reported that there was evidence that up to 100 Iraqi children down to the age of 10 years old were being held as detainees at Abu Ghraib. These reports indicate that many of the children have been abused, tortured, and raped by Coalition and Iraqi forces.

- Some of these children have been tortured to coerce their parents to provide information to Interrogators.

- On this same date, three Britons released after being held prisoner at Guantánamo for two years, charged that they had been beaten, and brutalized, stripped naked and forced to watch videotapes of Prisoners being sodomized. They were then coerced into signing confessions that have since been proven false by British Intelligence.

We have no respect or sympathy for the officers, who should have been aware that these were violations of The Law of Land Warfare (Army FM 27-10) yet they permitted, condoned, or ordered these practices. It makes no difference if they were Reservists or Active Force Officers, Lieutenants or General Officers.

The American people have a right to question why the first Court Martial to be held, was one of a low-level enlisted person, and not one of the Interrogators or Senior Officers, who had planning, control, and supervision of the prisons and the Military Intelligence Operations?

We have a right to question why no one in the Chain-of-Command raised any objections, to the illegal orders, to use Criminally Prohibited Coercive methods on enemy POWs and other detainees and Enemy Combatants.

We have a right to ask why they are not prosecuting senior officers, such as Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Miller, the officer who recommended these practices.

Miller has overseen their use at various POW Prisons, including the “Devil’s Island” prison at Guantánamo, Cuba, and in Afghanistan and Iraq!

This study will demonstrate that the enlisted reserve MPs, were no more than “Sorcerers Apprentices” in the Torture and War Crimes which are becoming commonplace in the Bush Administration’s “War on Terror.”

The real culpability for this scandal is with the Chain of Command, right up to the Bush senior leadership team that has authorized and directed the unilateral and illegal Aggressive Preventive War against Iraq and the attendant War Crimes that threaten our own troops as much as the enemy fighters.

In July 2002, Mr. Bush gave a speech to the Army’s 10th Mountain Division, before its deployment to Iraq, in which he said: “We will not submit American troops to prosecutors and Judges (of the International Criminal court) whose jurisdiction we do not accept.”

This was in effect a repudiation of the rule of law and a license to abuse to troops who were heading into combat. But information released by the White House is even more damning.

We and the analysts of PRA have researched the Technical and Scientific aspects of this subject for over 20 years, and we want to make this information available to the Defense Attorneys, to Human Rights Groups, and to the Congress to support an Investigation by a Joint Special Committee of the Congress.

THE PSYCHOTECHNOLOGY OF TORTURE

During their Military careers, our researchers became personally acquainted with officers in the US Air Force, that had been Psychologically and Physically Tortured by the Chinese Communists in Korea, and later others who had been tortured in Vietnam, as well as Central America in the 1970s-1980s; and, Elmendorf, Texas (outside San Antonio) where in the 1930s young females were fed to alligators if they did not accommodate the owner of a Saloon where they worked after running away from home to get a start in life.

The lives of most of those who survived were forever damaged.

But to understand how cruel, inhuman and degrading techniques came into favor, one must turn to a more remote scientific history — nearly forgotten, slightly embarrassing but increasingly pervasive.

While attending the Air War College in the 1970s, one of our researchers conducted research into the classified interview records of the Korean War POWs, which included the study of the Coercive Interrogation (CI) methods used by the Chinese Interrogators, and which resulted in the infamous false confessions of Germ Warfare by U.S. Pilots.

Beginning in 1953, a group of Civilian and Military Psychiatrists and Psychologists, observed by Military Intelligence and CIA agents, were involved in lengthy debriefings and analysis of the physical and mental Torture methodology that had been used against all of these POWs. These debriefings took place in Korea, aboard naval ships carrying the former POWs home, and in follow-up studies.

The findings of these experts revealed significant percentages of Physiological and Psychological injuries and unexplained deaths, as a result of these Chinese Communist Methods of Interrogation, especially the use of a new and devastating form of Psychological or Mental Torture.

These Korean War POWs had been injured to a much greater degree than US POWs of WW II. They have in their lifetimes suffered greater degrees of psychiatric illnesses, suicides, and unexplained deaths, than their counterparts in WW II, who in many cases endured greater physical abuse. This information is contained in US Army long term tracking studies of these POWs.

The scientific terminology at that time referred to the observed result on the POWs as exhibiting an extreme form of “Apathy.” This was later defined by the psychiatric community as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) The field research and analysis conducted by these scientists revealed that an unexplained “phenomenon” took place, whenever certain conditions were created during Interrogations. A form of extreme high anxiety was caused by the use of a combination of physical torture, by captors and guards, followed by persistent threats and offers of leniency for cooperation by interrogators. Physical torture was usually self-inflicted, such as being forced to stand for long periods of time in uncomfortable positions.

In some cases, physical torture was not required to induce the desired effects, relying instead on environmental factors. The inducement of this phenomenon caused severe mental pain, and in most cases, resulted in a temporary or permanent psychotic state, now known as “Regression.” Regression is a psychiatric term describing mental collapse, or breakdown, to an earlier state of mental development.

The Scientific research shows that regression frequently leads to; temporary and permanent psychopathologies, including “psycoaffective-like psychoses, difficulty in concentration, inability to focus, impaired memory, self-mutilation, phobias, suicide, homicide, and physiological damage including; peptic ulcers, asthma, strokes, heart attacks, and unexplained deaths.”

(DSM III-R, Sections 300, 309, and 316)

THE CROWN JEWELS OF INTERROGATION

These secret practices have been described by a retired FBI Counterintelligence Agent as the “Crown Jewels” of Interrogation. They have been successfully used by Army Military Intelligence, the CIA, and the FBI for over 50 years. Their illegal use by the CIA, Federal Police Agencies, and prison officials has been kept secret from the various oversight Committees of the Congress and the American People for over forty years.

These physical and mental methods of torture are either recognized or described in various Classified and Unclassified Government Documents and Army and CIA Manuals.

Specific Army regulations and Manuals that apply to these Iraq Cases Include:

US Army Field Manual (FM 33-1)-Psychological Operations (Chap. 8)
Army regulation 381-10, July 1, 1984- US Army Intelligence Activities
US Army Field Manual (34-5) Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
US Army Field Manual (FM 34-52) Intelligence Interrogation
US Army Field Manual (S-NF) FM 34-60a, June 6, 1989,
Counterintelligence Operations (U) Classified except Title.
US Army Field Manual (S) TC 34-5, Oct 3, 1988, Human
Intelligence Operations (U) Classified except Title.

Note: The (S) indicates a Manual Classified Secret.

The use of these methods and their effects were first revealed to the civilian world in 1997, when the Baltimore Sun obtained two declassified CIA Training Manuals thru the FOIA.

These CIA Training Manuals revealed, not only the specific Mental Torture Methodology required to induce mental collapse, or “Regression,” but also warned of the mental and physical dangers of these procedures. This experience could only have come from years of practice, to recreate the methods and conditions experienced by our Korean War POWs.

The Titles of the CIA Manuals are:

1. KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual, July 1966 (A Manual used in the Vietnam War)
2. Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual, 1983 (A manual used by the CIA to train the Contras and other right wing death squads in Honduras and other Latin American countries)

These manuals admit that these methods of interrogation are in fact Torture, intended to induce Regression and severe psychological pain and mental damage to the victim.

Listed below are significant quotes from these manuals:

HRET Manual, 1983:

Ref. L-1 “The purpose of all coercive techniques is to induce psychological regression in the subject by bringing a superior outside force to bear on his will to resist. Regression is basically a loss of autonomy, a reversion to an earlier behavior level. He begins to lose his capacity to carry out the highest creative activities, to deal with complex situations, to cope with stressful interpersonal relationships, or to cope with repeated frustrations.”

Ref. K-10 “Once this disruption is achieved, the subject’s resistance is seriously impaired. He experiences a kind of Psychological shock.”

Ref. l-10 “Some subjects progressively lose touch with reality, focus inwardly, and produce delusions, and other pathological effects.”

Ref. L-12 “The torture situation is an external conflict, a contest between the subject and his tormentor.”

Ref. L-6 “There is profound moral objection to applying duress beyond the point of irreversible psychological damage.”

Ref. H-28 “Has psychological regression been induced? How is it planned to restore him?”

KUBARK Manual, 1963:

Ref P.85 “The following are the principal coercive techniques of interrogation: arrest, detention, deprivation of sensory stimuli, threats and fear, debility, pain, heightened suggestibility, hypnosis, narcosis, and induced regression.”

Ref P.65 “The aim is to enhance this effect, to disrupt radically the familiar emotional and psychological associations of the subject. There is an interval of suspended animation, a kind of psychological shock or paralysis…that occurs”

Ref. P83 “All coercive techniques are designed to induce regression.”

Ref. P.76 “There are a number of non-coercive techniques for inducing regression. All depend on the interrogators control of the environment.”

Ref. P.78 “Regression…whether it is induced by coercive or non-coercive techniques, should not be allowed to continue past the point necessary to obtain compliance.”

Ref. P103 “The usual effect of coercion is regression.”

Ref. P.84 “The profound moral objection to applying duress past the point of irreversible psychological damage has been stated.”

These CIA Manuals are extremely significant because they reveal that the Psychotechnology of Torture has been officially authorized by the U.S. Government, and has been secretly employed, for decades by some agencies of the US Government. This is only legal in the case of spies, and saboteurs, by the terms of The Hague and Geneva Conventions.

Coercive and some non-coercive interrogations by US agencies are all based on the technology and methodology first used during the Korean War Interrogations by the North Korean Guards and the Chinese interrogators, working as teams to set the conditions for Interrogation, as was done at the Abu Ghraib Prison.

These same methods have been taught to Army Military Intelligence Interrogators (Army MOS 351E and 97E, Military Interrogator), but until Mr. Bush’s so-called War on Terror, the US Army, which has full responsibility for all Human Intelligence (called HUMINT), has probably never before officially sanctioned or employed the direct use of Torture on POWs and War Detainees.

This is a first in U.S. History.

Although the Army Field Manual, Intelligence Interrogations (FM 34-52), contains, in its first Chapters, admonitions against the use of illegal methods of Interrogation, it then goes on to serve as a “Cookbook” of the detailed, but vaguely described procedures, for imposing the illegal methods of coercive and non-coercive interrogations. (e.g. P.3-16 The Fear-Up (Harsh) Approach)

More destructive methods, sometimes referred to as DDD (Debility, Dependency, and Dread) which can result in insanity and death of the detainee, are undoubtedly contained in the Classified Army documents listed above. We did not have access to the classified documents, but they should be subpoenaed by the Congress.

All such methods used against POWs or civilian detainees violate International Laws and Treaties in which the US is a signatory, and they are Capitol Offenses, punishable by penalties up to and including death, under 18 USC, Sect. 2340.

Theoretically in Wartime, under the Geneva Conventions, the harsh methods may legally be used against Spies, and Saboteurs, who are not protected by the Geneva Conventions, but the Human Rights Agreements do not agree with that view.

To this list, the Bush Administration has added the categories of “Terrorists” and “Illegal Enemy Combatants,” in the War on Terror, and applied them indiscriminately to regular enemy soldiers, and paramilitary forces, such as irregulars, guerrillas, and ordinary civilians resisting invasion of their country.

The enlisted MP Guards that participated in these activities in Iraq had not been trained as Military Interrogators, and were not aware of the effects of the sophisticated psychological techniques they were being asked to employ, by others who had full knowledge that this was absolutely Physical and Mental Torture, as defined in International and US Military and Civil Law.

Under the Nuremberg Rules, military prison guards are required to refuse any illegal order; but in practice this places the entire burden for knowing and respecting these complex International Laws and Treaties on untrained low-level soldiers in a combat environment with no real ability to resist orders, written or verbal. They were being “Obedient to Authority” as described by Psychologist Stanley Milgram.

The pictures that have been released are not “fraternity hazing or sexual hijinks.” They have the unmistakable signature of physical and psychological torture, using psycho-sexual methods worthy of the Marquis de Sade. The pictures were then used by interrogators for “threatening” prisoners with release of these embarrassing pictures to the Iraqi public and their families, followed by offers of leniency, if they chose to “Cooperate” and provide information. (in the classic words of the Chinese Communist Torturers)

Gen. Taguba’s Army Inquiry Report states, that the MP guards did not take part in the actual interrogations, when the most serious War Crime violations took place. They obviously had no knowledge of the sophisticated methods they were being required to participate in, and could not have had the intent to commit a War Crime. They are, however, subject to prosecution for any criminal offenses and physical abuse they committed.

Strong evidence exists that the FBI uses these criminal methods on criminal suspects, and on their own agents, during OPR Investigations. Our records include the testimony of a Retired FBI Counterintelligence Agent, with over 30 years of service, who has provided extensive written evidence of his experiences during a week-long nightmare of coercive interrogations as part of an OPR (Office of Professional Review) investigation.

This means that the psychotechnology of torture is being practiced by US law enforcement agencies, who are not bound by the Law of War.

This agent was taken to a secret place of detention, in Washington, DC, where he was subjected to a deliberate program of illegal psychological torture. During this torture, regression was induced, and he was taken past the breaking point and suffered serious long term mental damages.

In the case of the FBI, these interrogation techniques are taught at the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit at Quantico, Virginia and by their long term training contractor, Inbau, Reid, and Buckley.

These methods, which the government claims are not torture, because they are not as severe as the loss of a limb or a body organ, can and do result in terribly destructive physiological and psychological injuries and death.

These methods are hiding in plain sight, as they have been partially revealed in public documents, books, and TV specials. For example, they are outlined in a book called the “Mind Hunter” by John Douglas, the former head of the FBI Behavioral Science Unit for many years.

They are also contained in contemporary films such as the HBO Movie called “Strip Search,” a TV Movie called “Das Experiment” and in a History Channel Special “We Can Make You Talk” on the development of Interrogation methods.

A number of FBI agents have committed suicide after being subjected to these techniques during FBI OPR Investigations. We have some of their names. This problem, caused Louis Freeh, the Director of the FBI, to order an internal investigation by the DOJ IG, but its findings have never been released, because these methods are classified, and there is a great reluctance to give up these “Crown Jewels of Interrogation.”

The methods work with brutal efficiency.

In the words of Allen W. Dulles, Director of the CIA, in a letter and Report sent to J. Edgar Hoover on 25 April 1956:

“There is no question that an individual can be broken psychologically by captors with knowledge and willingness to persist in techniques aimed at deliberately destroying the integration of a personality.”

Conviction as a war criminal appears to be a potent factor in creating despair in the individual.”

Dulles then described the conditions for establishing the “control environment” for torture…control techniques and their effects include:

1. Interrogation
2. Physical Torture and Threats of Torture
3. Isolation
4. Control of Communication
5. Induction of Fatigue
6. Control of Food, Water, and Tobacco
7. Criticism and self-criticism
8. Hypnosis and Drugs as Controls
9. Other processes that will hasten the deterioration of prisoner’s sense of values and resistance

The 1960s Motion Picture “The Manchurian Candidate” involved a fictional story of a US POW taken captive during the Korean War, drugged, hypnotized, and given a post-hypnotic suggestion to kill, on mention of a trigger word. Such methods were actually being experimented with by the CIA, and the Government succeeded in preventing the Picture’s release for many years. Congressional Investigations by the US Senate’s Church Committee revealed that the CIA had actually experimented with many different methods to illegally obtain information during interrogations, including drugs, and hypnosis. (MK-ULTRA Program)

However, until the CIA Interrogation Manuals were released, in 1997 there was no written proof that any agency of the US Government had actually adopted these criminal methods of psychological interrogation.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LED TO PROHIBITION

As a result of the Korean War research, many Scientific Journal articles were published by civilian psychologists, during the next 10-15 years, as they attempted to unlock the riddles of the regression phenomenon. A list of 38 pertinent technical and scientific journal articles is shown in the Bibliography.

When the US Korean War pilots began to sign false confessions, that they had engaged in germ warfare, the press quickly referred to all of these new methods as “Brainwashing.” This was not accurate, as so-called “Brainwashing” was not used to obtain intelligence or false confessions.

Brainwashing is a related, but significantly different technique of long-term “Thought Reform”, used by the Chinese Communist Government to “Indoctrinate” and convert subjects into the ideology of Communism.

COERCIVE PERSUASION = TORTURE

The correct name of the psychotechnology of torture is “Coercive Persuasion” or (CP) as coined by Dr. Edgar H Schein of MIT in his book published in 1961, titled “Coercive Persuasion.” Coercive Persuasion (CP) or Coercive Interrogations (CI) are sometimes preceded by physical torture to “soften up the detainee,” such as occurred in Korea and in Iraq. However, as the literature confirms, regression can be induced by mental torture alone.

In Appendix 3 of his book titled, “The Agents Involved in Coercive Persuasion,” Dr. Schein describes exactly the roles played by the various Government Agents to create the “conditions for CP Torture.

These players include: the Arrestor, the Guard, the Interrogator, the Interpreter, the Judge, and others. Schein wrote:“ The atmosphere, thus set, can range from leniency to Terror, as desired.”

This is almost exactly the roles prescribed for Abu Ghraib by Maj. Gen. Miller. The objective was terror, and the results were predicted 43 years ago by Dr. Schein.

All of these methods are classified by the psychiatric community as “Thought Reform” programs. (See Thought Reform Programs and the Production of Psychiatric Casualties” by M.T. Singer and R. Ofshe, Psychiatric Annals, 1990.)

Dr. Singer became the nation’s leading authority on this subject after she had served as the principal participant in the psychological debriefings and follow-on studies of the Korean War POWs. Dr. Singer has in her papers and articles, charged the FBI with employing these criminal methods in undercover domestic law enforcement cases.

Coercive Persuasion (CP) Interrogations were eventually classified as “Mental Torture” and prohibited by the various International Agreements, the Geneva Convention and US Law. They were also the principal cause of the Miranda Decision. These are the pertinent legal documents:

1. Miranda Decision, Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
2. 18 USC Sec. 2340 (P.L. 103236, Sec 506, Torture Convention Implementation (Terrorism)
3. U.N. Int’l. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted by the U.N. 16, Dec. 1966, entered into force in the US 23 March 1976.
4. Geneva Convention 1949, UST TIAS 3364, and amendments

The Int’l Human Rights Instruments of the United Nations, to which the US is a signatory states:

“This prohibition derives from the Declaration on the protection of all persons from being subjected to Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading treatment or punishment…”

The Declaration defines Torture as follows:

“…torture means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted by or at the instigation of a public official on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or confession, punishing him for an act he has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating him or other persons.”

“The term cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment has not been defined by the general Assembly but should be interpreted so as to extend the widest possible protection against abuses, whether physical or mental.”

The Offense of Torture as stated in 18 USC Sect. 2340A reads;

“(a) Whoever outside the United States commits torture shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both, and if death results to any person from conduct prohibited by this subsection, shall be punished by death or imprisoned for any term of years or for life.”

The US Legal definition of Torture contained in 18 USC Sect. 2340, states:

“(1) Torture means an act committed by a person acting under the color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another person within his custody or physical control;”

“(A) The intentional infliction or threatened infliction of severe physical pain or suffering;”

“(B) The administration or application, or threatened administration or application of mind altering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or the personality;”

“(C) The threat of imminent death; or”

“(D) The threat that another person will imminently be subjected to death, severe physical pain or suffering, or the administration or application of mind altering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or personality; and”

“(3) ‘United States’ includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places described in Sections 5 and 7 of this title and section 46501(2) of title 49.”

Section 786 of Senate report 103-107, the Legislative history of the Torture Application by the US, states;

“Section 2340A creates the federal offense of torture committed outside the United States and establishes appropriate penalties taking into account the grave nature of the offense. The section applies only to acts of torture committed outside the United States.

These legal definitions raise serious questions:

Why is the US definition of Torture not the same as the International version?

Why are so many qualifier adjectives, such as; “prolonged” and “severe” added?

Why does the Torture statute only apply “outside” of US territory?

Did the FBI and the CIA, thru the DOJ, hold up this Torture statute for approximately ten years, so that the otherwise illegal methods of interrogation would continue to be allowed inside the US, and at locations outside the US, but within the legal meaning of US territory, such as the Prison at Guantánamo, Cuba?

The Torture in Iraq was a Capitol Offense under US Statutes on terrorism. The physical and mental abuse at the Abu Ghraib, in Afghanistan, at Guantánamo, and at other secret US prisons in the war on terror, are certainly War Crimes and other violations of International Laws, prohibiting Torture.

It is equally certain that there are no records will be found that any of the enlisted guards were trained in the complex provisions of the Geneva Convention covering POWs and War Crimes, or in the psychotechnology of the methods they were being ordered to employ. This cannot be claimed by the senior officers in the Chain-Of-Command reaching all the way to the White House.

This Chain of Command has:

A. Established Detention (Concentration) Camps in locations outside of US jurisdiction, and turned captives over to third countries for torture.
B. Designated POWs and American Citizens as “Illegal Enemy Combatants” denying them rights under US Law and the Geneva Convention.
C. Dehumanized enemy paramilitary forces of countries we have invaded, by calling them; terrorists, insurgents, killers, murderers, etc.
D. Authorized the use of classified Counterintelligence (CI) methods of torture and interrogation to be used against ordinary enemy soldiers, by denying them the status of POWs
E. Violated US and International Laws governing POW and Human Rights.
F. The top leadership of the government, including the President, have made numerous public statements denigrating the US and International Laws, as not being applicable to the War on Terror, creating a permissive climate in which these War Crimes were encouraged.

In June 2004, evidence of high-level direction of these criminal methods began to be revealed in a series of Memoranda of Correspondence between the DOS, DOJ, DOD, JCS, CIA, and the White house Counsel, in early 2003. These perverted legal opinions sought to claim that US and International Laws on Torture, did not apply in the so-called War on Terror.

This was followed by an as yet unreleased Memorandum from the SECDEF Rumsfeld, known as the “Rumsfeld Rules.”

These rules are reported to have permitted 24 Techniques of Torture during Interrogations by US Army MI, CIA, and Civilian Contractors, acting for the US Government.

These Memoranda and the “Rumsfeld Rules” are proof of the sanction of torture by high-level officials in the Bush administration, and are themselves, proof of War Crimes by these officials.

Bush and his Cabinet committed War Crimes by planning and initiating an aggressive war against the peace which is the “Supreme International War Crime”, as established by the Nuremberg Tribunal in 1945.

The following acts, or any of them, are crimes coming within the jurisdiction of the tribunal for which there shall be Individual responsibility:

     Crimes Against Peace
     War Crimes
     “Crimes Against Humanity”
     Formally Affirmed by the UN General Assembly, 1946

This is why the Bush leadership is desperately trying to limit the trials to lower level enlisted personnel. The US Army leadership is also participating in the cover-up, to belatedly attempt to protect the reputation of the US Army.

The Bush Administration has recently attempted to justify these War Crimes, as necessary to prevent more US Casualties. This reasoning is specifically rejected by the International Laws and Agreements. It is as corrupt as those relied on by the Nazi defendants, and could be claimed in any war.

The Government cannot be allowed to scapegoat these soldiers. Their culpability is less, as they had no intent to commit War Crimes, and were “Just doing one’s Duty” as described by psychologist Stanley Milgram, in his landmark Research and Experiments in 1960, into the nature of the situations in which a person gives himself over to Authority, and no longer views himself as the cause of his own actions.

Milgram was forced to discontinue his experiments into the infliction of pain (Torture) when he discovered that a high percentage of the subjects of the experiments, were willing to take orders from an “Authority figure”, and carry out actions that were incompatible with fundamental standards of morality.

The results of Milgram’s experiments are contained in his book “Obedience to Authority.”

We have suggested that the Defense Counsels work with the Center for Constitutional Rights, which has filed a RICO suit against the Titan Corp. and CACI, for their role in the criminal abuse of prisoners, by their employees.

They should also enlist the help of the National Criminal Defense Lawyer’s Association and the US Bar Association, for the Pro-Bono help of prominent American Defense Attorneys to join in the defense of these soldiers.

This is not just a crisis for these soldiers, or the Army; it is a crisis for all Americans and the fundamental morality of our Free, Just, and Humane society.

When our leaders direct our military people to commit War Crimes, the Osama Bin Ladens, and Saddam Husseins of the world have triumphed. We will not defeat terrorists, by becoming terrorists. We will ultimately prevail by the supremacy of our virtues, not by a resort to brutality, vengeance and revenge.

This is Immoral, Illegal and Un-American

If there are War Criminals in Washington, D.C., we and the world deserve to know that, so that we can take necessary action, now and in November, to protect our own troops from retaliatory measures, should they be captured, and to restore the honor of the US Military, and the American people.

PUBLIUS 2004

PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

US Government Documents:

- E.O. 12333, Dec 1981 and follow-on orders, Guides and Directs Intelligence and Special Activities. Demonstrates that these activities are directed and Controlled by the NCA, (National Command Authorities)
- US Army Intelligence Activities, US Army Regulation 381-10, July 1, 1984
- Psychological Operations, US Army Field Manual FM 33-1 (Chap. 8)
- Human Intelligence, US Army Field Manual FM 34-5
- Intelligence interrogation, US Army Field Manual FM 34-52
- Counterintelligence Operations, (U), US Army Field Manual FM 34-60a, (S-NF) June 6, 1989 NOT AVAILABLE
- Human Intelligence Operations, (U), US Army Field Manual TC 34-5 (S), October 3, 1988 NOT AVAILABLE
- The Law of Land Warfare, US Army Field Manual FM 27-10, July 1956
- The US Fighting Man’s Code of Conduct, DOD Pamphlet 8-1 (First issued in the 1950s)
- KUBARK, Counter Intelligence Interrogation, CIA Manual, Secret, July 1963 by FOIA)
- Human resources Exploitations Training Manual, CIA, Secret, 1983(by FOIA)
- Criminal Interrogations and Confessions, by Inbau, Reid, and Buckley (Three editions, 1982-1986) This company used for decades to train FBI agents. This book heavily influenced the Miranda decision (See Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

Behavioral Science Research References>

The Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions, And Testimony (Book) by G. Gudjonsson>
“Home by Ship: Reaction Patterns of American Prisoners of War Repatriated from North Korea”, American journal of Psychiatry, Vol 110, 1953/54 pp. 732-739, by R.J. Lifton, M.D.
“A Prisoner of War Syndrome: Apathy as a Reaction to Severe Stress” American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 112, 1955/56, pp. 998-1003, by H. Strassman, M.D., M.R. Thaler, Ph.D., Capt. E. H. Schein, USA/MSC

“The Chinese Indoctrination Program for Prisoners of War” Psychiatry, Vol 19, 1956, pp 149-172. By Capt. E. H. Schein, USA/MSC

“Thought reform of Western civilians in Chinese Communist Prisons” Psychiatry, Vol 19, 1955, pp. 173-195 by R.J. Lifton, M.D. Psychiatry Dept. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research “Communist Techniques of Coercive Interrogation”, Office of Social Science Programs, Air force Personnel and Training Research Center, Development report AFPTRC-TN_56-132, Dec. 1956 by Albert D. Biderman

“Brainwashing, Conditioning, and DDD; Debility, Dependency and Dread, Sociometry,” 1956, by Farber, Harlow, West.
“Distinguishing Characteristics of Collaborators and Resisters among American Prisoners of War” The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol 55, pp. 197-201, 1957 by E. H. Schein, W. F. Hill, H. L.Williams, A. Lubin, Walter reed Army Institute of Research.
“Projective Test Responses of Prisoners of War Following Repatriation” Psychiatry, Journal for the study of Interpersonal Processes, Vol 21, pp. 375-385, 1958 by M.T. Singer, Ph. D., E.H. Schein, Ph.D.
“In Every War But One” Book, Greenwood Press, pp. 110-117, 1959 by E. Kinkaid.
“March to Calumny-The Story of American POWs in the Korean War” Book, McMillan Co. by A. D. Biderman.
“Brainwashing-From Pavlov to Powers,” Book, the Bookmailer Inc. pp. 43-55, 243-249, 1960 by E. Hunter.
“The Hidden Persuaders,” Book, David McKay Co. Inc. pp. 24-29, 216-224 by V. Packard
“The Individual in a Social World-Essays and Experiments”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. pp.120-121 by S. Milgram “Obedience to Authority-An Experimental View,” Tavistock-London, Harper and Row, pp.XI-XIII, 1-12, 123-125, 169-178, 179-189. By S. Milgram

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